Renaisance literature camparison with 18th century literature

    

•   Introduction

                   In English literature there are many ages like Elizabethan age, Puritan age, Restoration age, Romanticism. There are so many characteristic of these ages but here my consern with the camparison of Renaissa literature and the 18th century's litrature.

                This both ages are impornat time to the bring changes in the Europe and in world.first of all when we compare the things we have to knowledge it so, lets see defination of both age.

• Renaissa

             The word renaissa means Rebirth of something.13th century Italian literary revolution helped set the stage for the renaissance.this age is the recomanded as a " Golden Age"

• 18th century

  

                    The Revolution of 1688 was banished and king orange was came to the thronein this age Englishman spent thire time for fighiting for the freedom.so 18th century remarkable for rapid social development. this age also known as King augusta , Roman empire,Era of Enlightenment also Neo-classical age. 

                    we can say that both ages are very changing in politic, social and literary field.In Renaissa there was invention of printing press this age produse the good literature .This age of Art,science and Architecture.The renaissance promoted the rediscovery of classical philosophy,literature and art.There were ideas of new literature.Renaissnce art was characterized by realism and naturalism and objects in rue to life.some of great artist like  

  The Mona lisa

  

  The last suppe

  

  statue of david

          In the 18th century is age of social development.and also the age of prose,satire.The englishman were fighting for freedom.In order to bring about reforms,votes were necessary.so, the newspaper was born and literature also include in the book,the newspaper ,and the magazine.

  •   Humanism

                     The renaissance began with a revival of classical learning which come to be called  "Humanisim".Humanism a Erope philosophy helped to civilizehis potential power and gifts.Humanism bought about a revotionary change in the life.The works of Greece and Romesuch as Plato,Aristotal vigril translated at that time,sothe ideas materials literary form to ranaissance writers. 

               The age of 18th century there we can see the rapid social development in England.In a single generation  nearly two thousand public coffeehouses, each of private clubs is at astonishing.

  •    Elizabeathan age-  18th century

             The real literature of the Renaissance must go forward a century and half to the age of Elizabeth. In this age there was freedom of religious tolerance .social contetment,enthusicm and drama.

             The 18th cenntury is about social development, an age of prose and about satire.

    •    The writer of the Renaissa are :=

    -  Chauser

    -  Thomas moor 

    -  Edmund spencer  

    -  Shakespear

    - Thomas sackville 

    - Philip Sidney

     - Wyatt&Surry etc

    •  The writer of 18th century

    - Alexander pope 

    - Jonathan swift

    - Joseph addison

    - Samuel johnson

    - Edund burke

    -Edward gibbon etc.

                                  The most famous litarary work of the age are Spencer's shepherd' s calender, Mother Hubbard's Tale,The faery queen. Moor'sUtopia.Shakespear's Mackbeth,Hamlet,othello, King lear etc.Philip sidney introdus  sonnet.Bacon's essaies.and so on. 

                                    The age prodused literature with new idea. Rape of the Lock byAlexander pope.He also wrote Pastorals.swift's Gulliver travels.,a satire work.At those time writer also satire the political parties,like Whig and tory.

      * Elizabathan age and puritan age

            In the age of queen Elizabath there was freedom pof religious tolerance but in the puritan age there was no liberty of religious.cromwell was acharacter of age who is believe deeply in religion.literature also different  produced by the both ages.In Elizabathan ear  there is liberty  and it's mark of unity,in spirit,resulting from patrotism.On the other hand puritan age the literate divided in spirit as were at strugling parties.

    # writer/poet of puritan age 

    - Samuel daniel  (metaphysical poet)

    -Donne

    -Thomas campion

    -Breton

    -Herbert etc.

    *Camparison with Restoration age (1660-1700)

    In this age the literary progressive art,writer developed their own tendemncies.Tendency of (1)Realism and (2)Formalismin this age writer represent of men exactly as they are, also paint the picture of corrup court and society ,low plays without interest as moral significance.In formalism tendency they emphasize close reasoning rather than romantic fancy.

    # writer/poet

    -John dryden

    -Samual butter

    -Hobbes and john lock

     

    • Ben johnson        (11 June573-16 August 1637)

          Ben johnson born westminister,London.He is the most important figure of the Elizabathen age.he was playwriter and also poet.Johnson's father .an educated gentalman he  lost his property imprisoned and suffered forfeiture under Queen Mary.he died before his's birth. Johnson'mother married with maser bricklayer two years leter.

              Johnson attended school in St Martin 's lanethen westminister School.After leaving the school  he attended  the University of Cambridge,so he is the university wit. His stepfather soon set him learning the bricklayer's trad. he ran away from this,and went with the english army to fight spaniards in thr Low Countries.Then he came back, johnson also work as an actor and also as playwriter. As an actor he was the protogonist "Hieronimo"in 1597, He was working playwriter empolyed by Philip Henslowe,leading produser for theater . the next year Johnson produse the "Every Man in His Humour"which gave him the reputation as dramatist.

                     Regarding  his marriage Johnson described his wife to William Drummund as "a shrew,yet honest"the woman married a Benjamin Johnson in 1594 at the churchof St Magnus-the-Martr near London.His daughter died when she was six month old and his son died at age of seven years old. then 32 years leter his son also named Benjamin Johnson also died in1635. 

                       Johnson had begun to write original plays.In 1598 Johnson produced his first great success,Every Man in His Humour, shakespeare acted one of the parts, the long friendship betwen them was started. Then in 1599 he produced Every Man OUT of His Humour.He now became undoubted leader of the literary men of his time,so some qurrel with near him also.shakespeare took retirement,he stop writing for the stage.In 1618 he traveled on foot to scotland, where he visited Drummond from whom we have the scant record of his varied life .These all experience  he wrote down in  the Foot pilgrimage but unfortunatly it lost in fire bfore publication.

                            then he produced lack work and He deid poverty stricke in1637.he was buried with all honor in Westminster  Abbey. on his grave was laid a marble slab,on which the words "o rare Ben Jonson"were is ufficient epitaph.

    
    

    
    

     

                   

                                     

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Thinking activity on Plato and Aristotle

    1)  How far do you agree with plato's objection to freedom of expression and  artistic liberty enjoed by creative writers?

                     I agree with plato's objection to the freedom of expression and artistic liberty enjoyed by creative writers. nowadays there are some imaginative serials ,movie,web series,some of shows which are not provide a moral and real things.that is imatation.some movie like spiderman batman ect.,then serials like Nazar Divya-Drishti,Nagin  ect.we can see that the story of this kind of movie and serials are not moral,and this all come to the audience and they also imitate this things.we many time heard that pepole learn nagative thing in easy way than positive.so, this all are shows a unreality

 2)  with reference to the literary texts you have studied during B.A. programme,write brief note on the text which followed aristotelian literary tradition.

          

              During my B.A. studies I study the famous tragedy ‘Othello”by William shaksespear.It is a tragedy of Othello who is protagonist of the play.Iago who is the villain of this play.he was jealous with Othello.desdemona is wife of the Othello,and Iago creat misunderstanding between them.He creat some situation which shows that desdmona is not faithful to her husband Othello. The plot ordering action to Othello he make a error of to judge desdmona.He did’n trust her wife but he believed Iago more then desdmona,or he killed her.After that he comes to know that desdmona was innocent she was faithful to him but Iago the person who became devil between them.he feels guilty but it’s too late…In this play audience feel pity and fear. There is the catharsis in this play acccording to the Aristotle literary tradition,which we can find here.

 3) With referance to the literary texts you has studies during B.A.programme, write breif note on the texts which did NOT follow Aristotelian literary tradition.

       Othello,mackbeth,king lear, gorboduc ect some time  we can not see the unity of time, place and action.there is a bloodshed.some time chracter are not act.acion is the most important thing in tragedy.

        

4)Have you studied any tragedies during B.A. programme ?who wsa/were the tragic protogonist/s in those tragedies?what was thier 'hamartia'?

            There is other tragedy named Hamlet which one also written by William shakespear.Hamlet is the tragic hero of this play. We can see the hamartia at indecisivness of hamlet, the trouble making up his mind.hamlet’s flaw was that he ruined his  life by not confronting the problem earlier.he did not kill claudies that way he make his own self into trouble.he destroyed the rilationship with his own mother.Then Ophelia  because of depression she commited suicide ,then there is final bloodbath at the end which saw everyone killed.

5)Did the 'plot' of those tragedies follow necessary rules and regulations proposed by aristotel? 

                      Aristotle said that Plot is the soul of tragedy.There  are many tragedies which plot is created by auther very well.In othello we can see the cause and effect chain.which is neccesary part into tragedy. some time there is mismatch  with the time action and place,like othello,king lear etc.