Thinking activity :Cultural studies

Hello friends,

     This blog is about the culture studies.

                       

Concept of cultural studies..

        Culture means a way to live our life it's a style to live a life. When we talk about studies of culture it is covered all the little movement which is  done by us(human beings). It is also social, cultural, related with history as well and also with literture and psychology ,other humanities.

Layman about culture studies..

     Mattew Arnold was talk about high class people's culture it is different than layman or ordinary people. So this studies is not only about high class or lower one but about all. It might be different because of their thinking and life style. One has luxurious life and other has  a normal we can say a middle class family.

Asking to teach cultural studies by interviewer... My answer will be..

    First I want to talk about the culture.culture can be changed while passing the time. After that I talk about what is culture studies and why we should learn it and to know it.

Session' example given by Kalyani vallath...

           First of all. On 27 December 2019 have a we  had a session on cultural studies by Kalyani vallath ma'am. She came from Kerala (India) . I would like to say that she is passionate teacher as she said.

          She said that travelling can transfer you to know about culture of other places.

First she said that  all is not only about money but about the relationship and helping other so is is related with huminity.

         She talk about power and capitalism. We all are not free what we are doing or done already or make deed in future everything is done under the influence. Some how some power is effect on what you are doing. 

Example of culture capitalism tha,
 One is vegetarian and other is non vegetarian it doesn't mean that vegetarian is superior than non vegetarian as well also we can not say that non vegetarian is superior than vegetarian. Cultural is common expect this one. 

 Habitaus can be changed as per time and getting knowledge.

  We all thought that Asian food it not only Indian it all about the various country in Asia. We have narrow think about that it only India it not only about India but about it's various state, district and village as well. 

Thank you for reading give your suggestions and comment.... 

Sahitya akademi award 2019: Shashi Tharoor's An Era of Darkness

Hello friends, welcome to my blog...

            This blog is about the given task by Dr Barad sir If you want some more information about it you can click here.

          Shashi Tharoor  is an Indian politician, writer and a former international diplomat who is currently serving as member of parliament lock sabha. He also serves as Chairman of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on information technology And also as all India professionals congress. In 2019, Dr. Shashi Tharoor received the sahitya akademi Award  for his book 'An Era of Darkness' in a non-fiction category in English language.



      Shashi Tharoor talk about the British Raj in India and the situation of India and of Britain,which was called as Great Britain because that country rein on many countries. 


     Tharoor made argument against the British Raj in India. He said it is not only narrative history.He said that Britishers made the discrimination of Hindu -Muslim.so  they played a big roll to part India in two part. 

      He said about GDP of India that it was 23% but Britain's had less than 4%. He said Indian exploitation the oppression of India the depredations of India finced the rise of Britain. 


       In this explosive book, bestselling author Shashi Tharoor reveals with acuity, impeccable research, and trademark wit, just how disastrous British rule was for India. Besides examining the many ways in which the colonizers exploited India, ranging from the drain of national resources to Britain, the destruction of the Indian textile, steel-making and shipping industries, and the negative transformation of agriculture, he demolishes the arguments of Western and Indian apologists for Empire on the supposed benefits of British rule, including democracy and political freedom, the rule of law, and the railways.This information we get from the book description.

 

   As we know that India was Richest country of that time but because of  another country came to India and they rein. 

 we can see that 'Bharat' had inovated so many things in ancient time and it was called as a Akhand Bharat so we know our culture is ancradible,any other had not like culture and tradition like has our country. I'm not talking about the rules and regulations of India but the logical and scientific some methods about all.. I would like a put video which will say more than my words... 

This video is about the method of Indian cultural why it was doing...? 

Thank you for reading blog give your suggestions and comment below... 

   

Thinking activity :John Keats

Hello viewers

  Here this task is given by Heena Ma'am on the  poem and other work on death.John Keats who wrote many poem with central theme on death.o this task is all about that.we should also find some another writers work with the theme of death. So now you can understand what is the work this about.

Keats  uses varied literary devices in describing death through imagery and creating a visual idea of dying and death. John Keats had personal contact with death, the death of his parents and brother influenced his work as did his own illnesses and fear of death. Keats struggled to find balance between reality and fantasy.Keat's 'ODE TO A NIGHTIGALE'  is considered one of the finest odes  in English literature. As we know that nightingale is a bird name.Poet inspired by the song of nightingale. Bird's-eye song creates ecstasy in the poet.

Darkling I listen ;and ,for many a time 

have been half in love with easeful death,..

    This lines from the seven stanza's lines that  idea of his own death is suggested through the idea of the birds in morality and its songs in morality the bird is Immortal but through the stanza seven these lines the birds songs moves further and farther away. Poets try to say that everything are immortal not mortal even time is immortal. 

  When  we talk about nature human beings we all know one thing more that nothing is permanent but temporary. if one born then it should be die.Keats talk about death in his poem. I remember one or two line in Gujarati that...

જે ઉગે તે આથમે જે ખીલે તે કરમાય

આ ક્રમ છે કુદરતનાે જે જન્મે તે જાય.

 Means sun rise in morning but sun also set after evening and flowers also be like that.so it is truth.

 Keats and other also wrote on the Death that  we can find in the poem by Henry :

Death Is Nothing At All

-Henry Scott-Holland

Stanza :

Life means all that it ever meant.

It is the same as it ever was.

There is absolute and unbroken continuity.

What is this death but a negligible accident?

Last stanza

All is well.

Nothing is hurt; nothing is lost.

One brief moment and all will be as it was before.

How we shall laugh at the trouble of parting when we meet again!

Do Not Stand At My Grave And Weep

-Mary Elizabeth Frye

Do not stand at my grave and cry,

I am not there; I did not die.

In this poem poet says that don't cry at my grave because I don't sleep in first two line and in the last line she used word die.so we can find the difference between two words that die and sleep.Sleep is that you can awake as you but after death we don't know what happens.

We can also says death the nature is truth that one should accept. Romantic era's a very famous work by Mery Shelly's ' Frankenstein ' is a appropriate example for that. Victor challenge to nature that he will stop the death but he couldn't. He made the monster but we all know the results of that deform creation.

Lord Tennyson also wrote some work on lost and lost someone special in his life.His close friend was A. H. H who die at early age. They both were so close friends. So Tennyson wrote a elegy named The memoriam A.H.H.

Khalil gibran also wrote poem on death it's title also with the same named 'ON DEATH'..

If you would indeed behold the spirit of death, open your heart wide unto the body of life. ...

For life and death are one, even as the river and the sea are one.

In English and in other languages we also find some work on death here some lines of Mukatak ..

હે મૃત્યુ,મારી પ્રેયસીના વેષમાં તું આવ,

તો ધારું તનેયે એ જ આ આષ્લેષમાં.

નિરંજન ભગત

Indian poetics :Prof. Vinod joshi's expert lecture

Hello viewers,

    I'm here with my new blog about the Indian poetics.In our English department (MKUB) held expert lectures of Prof. Vinod joshi sir.Thanks for that to both proffesors Dr. Barad sir and Vinod joshi sir. This blog is about those lecture which are taken by sir on Indian poetic...

 

        On ( 3/12/2019)  very first day we all talk about the basic information about the 'Indian politics' We can say there are many schools of Bharatmuni, Aanandvartan, Kuntak, Bhamak and Shailendhra.

  We may say that western criticism is talking about the result while Indian criticism is talking about the process that how is possible and happen. In that case we can say that ptosecc is more important than result .

As we know that language is made by us it is not natural. It is applied. We learnt it  by imitation of anyone. Language is medium to communicate and transfer our emotions and feelings but but but than even we can not communicating what we exat feel because of words sometimes we can not find the proper and appropriate word to express our feelings .Languages produced the meaning.

Ex : No one can define the smell of flowers that how is it? We just feel it.

Rasa sampraday

                              Bharatmuni Indian theatrologyst talk about the 'RASA'. In his work 'NATYASHASTRA' he explained about the Rasa,in sixth Aadhyay. He used word NATYARASA.

        विभावानुभाव्यव्यभिचारी संयोगत रसनिष्पतिः।

   

  In this sentence there are four words :

1। વિભાવ :

      "જેના આધારે રસ નિષ્પન્ન થાય તે વિભાવ" પ્રાચીન આચાર્યોએ વિભાવના બે મુખ્ય પ્રકાર પાડ્યા છે.

(1) આલંબન

(2) વિલંબન અથવા (ઉદ્દીપક )

2 અનુભાવ : પ્રતિક્રિયા (reflection )

3 વ્યભિચારીભાવ: સંચારીભાવ જે સ્થિર ના હોય.  It can be changed not permanent that kind of emotion. 

  On second we learnt about ' STHAYI BHAV'.shayi bhavtu means that kind of emotion and feeling that have in every human being.

રતિ  - શૃંગાર

હાસ- હાસ્ય

શોક-  શૃંગાર

ક્રોધ- રૌદ્ર

ઉત્સાહ - વિર

ભય- ભયાનક

જુગુપ્સા- વિભત્સ

વિસ્મય - અદ્ભુત

શમ - શાંત

     शृंगार करूणवीर

     रौद्र हास्य भयानक

     विभत्साद्भूतशांतश्व

     नव नट्ये रसा स्मृता।।

1 Bhatta Lollat

2 Shri shankuk

3 Batta Nayak

4 Abhinavgupta

 1.          According to Bhatta there is nothing like 'Rasa'.Rasa can be produced when we read and watching play. The character of play they creat Rasa in audience.He gave 'UTTAPTIVAD'.

 2.     According to Shri shanku ,he said Rasa can be assumed. When we assumed it after that Rasa exist.like love, anger, sorrow,... He gave four term(પ્રતિતી)

  1 યથાર્થ (Truth)

  2 મિથ્યા (False)

  3 સંશય (Doubt )

  4 સાદ્શ્ય (what we can see)

  He gave 'ANUMITIVAD'

  3.  Bhattanayak  said that this Rasa is about both Player on stage and for audience as well. he gave BHUKTIVAD.

 4.  ABHINAVGUPT:  he talk  about 'ABHIVYAKTIVAD'.

तत् वाकयार्थो रसः

 Rasa  gives the intention to poetry.

      "Every poem however is a strictly Limited piece of experiences...it is  more highly  delicately organised than ordinary experience of the street" -I. A. Richard 

On the third day (5/12/2019) we learnt about ' DHVANI' school if dhavni given by AANANDVARDHAN. Here some kind of dhavani :

1)  VASTU DHAVNI :

     In this dhvani there is important of main thing /object when we satire on something like if someone is late to arrive and we say that wow you come earlier..  In that way..

કવિ જે કાવ્યમાં નિરૂપણ વખતે અલંકારો પ્રયોજીને લાગણી કે ભાવના ઉત્કૃષ્ટતા ના દર્શાવે , પરંતુ વસ્તુઓના સ્થૂળ સંકેતો માંથી પ્રિય માં અર્થ હિન્દી આપે તેવા કાવ્યને વસ્તુ ધ્વનિ કહે છે. ઉદાહરણ,

ફંફોસ્યુ સૌ ફરી ફરી,અને હાથ લાગ્યું ય ખાસ્સું

2)  ALANKAR DHAVNI:

      In this dhavni we can find alankar. Like Upma alnkar etc.

 વાંસળી જેવી ઊગે સ્હવાર, મોરપિચ્છ જેવી ઊગે સાંજ"

3)  RASA DHAVNI:

     In this one  there  is emotion and feeling are in centre.

       "ઘટમાં ઘોડા થનગને,આતમ વીઝે પાંખ
       અણદીઠેલી ભૌમ પર યૌવન માંડે આંખ"
                                       - ઝવેરચંદ મેઘાણી

શબ્દશક્તિઃ

અભિધાઃ જે સીધો અર્થ આપે તે અભિધા
 લક્ષણાઃ જે નજીક નો અર્થ આપેલ તે લક્ષણા
વ્યંજનાઃ જે હોય એના કરતા કોઈ અન્ય જ અર્થ કે કોઈ બીજો જ અર્થ નિષ્પન્ન કરે તે વ્યંજના

Vkrokti.

  This school is  made by KUNTAK.

અમે વળીને જોયું ને તમે વળ્યા વળાંક

ગલીનો હોય કે પછી નજરનો હોય વાંક.

"અમે રે સૂકું રૂનું પૂમડું તમે ,અત્તર રંગીલા રસદાર"

      As we know that human beings don't like any one thing for forever.our choice can be changed with passing time. So it's not straight but like zigzag type you know.

So we like the shape of mountain, The river,trees ect so in the nature every thing is ' Vakra ' we called it esthetic in modern criticism.

There are six types of Vkrokti,

(1) વર્ણવિન્યાસ વક્રતા:

  ઉભા.   શ્રી રામચંદ્ર કૃપાળુ ભજમન....

(2) પદપૂરાર્ધ વક્રતા:

ઉદા. ગઢને હોંકારો તો કાંગરાય દેશે

      પણ ગઢને હોંકારો કોણ દેશે

(3) વાક્ય વક્રતા:

ઉદા.  You too Brutus

(4) પદપૂવાર્ધ વક્રતા:

તમે ટહુક્યા ને આભ મને ઓછું પડ્યું

  આ વાક્ય ની અંદર તમે એ પદ પુરવાર થાય છે એના વગર વાક્યના અર્થની સ્પષ્ટતા થતી નથી અધુરી જણાય છે ટૂંકમાં.

(5)પ્રકરણ વક્રતા:

કોઈપણ એક સર્જન ના અંશ માત્ર ઘટનાને લઈને કોઈ બીજી કૃતિની રચના કરવામાં આવે ત્યારે તે પ્રકરણ વક્રતા બને છે દાખલા તરીકે મહાભારતમાંથી દ્રૌપદીના પાત્રને લઈને રચવામાં આવેલ  પ્રબંધ કાવ્ય સૈરેન્ધ્રી.

વીટીનો પ્રસંગ - શાકુન્તલમ

(6) પ્રબંધ વક્રતાઃ

    ઉદા .આખી કૃતિ નવલકથા વગેરે માંથી જે મુખ્ય ભાવ પ્રગટ થતો હોય તે પ્રબંધ વક્રતા છે જેમકે શબરી ભુલાય પણ તેનો ભાવ જે છે એ રાહ જોવાનો છે તે પ્રબંધ વક્રતા છે રામાયણમાંથી રામ અને રાવણ નું યુદ્ધ એ અસત્ય પર સત્યનો વિજય સૂચવે છે તે એટલે પ્રબંધ વક્રતા.

માનવીની ભવાઈ ભૂખથીય ભૂંડી ભીખ છે આખી કૃતિ મલે તો કે દુકાળનું વર્ણન કર્યું છે રાજુ અને કાળું ના પાત્ર દ્રારા લેખકે ભૂખથીય ભૂંડી ભીખ છે તે દર્શાવે છે.

મળેલા જીવ સાચો પ્રેમ કસોટીએ ચઢે છે નીખરી ઊઠે છે આ કૃતિમાં લેખક કે પ્રેમમાં પડેલા બે જીવોની વ્યથા બનાવેલી છે કૃતિને અંતે પણ એમનો પ્રેમ ખરો ઉતરે  છે એ  પ્રબંધ વક્રતા થી સૂચવાય છે.

આ થવા પાછળના મુખ્ય ત્રણ પ્રકાર ના ગુણ હોય શકે છેઃ

 1 પ્રાસાદ

 2 ઓજસ

 3 માધુર્ય

અલંકાર

અલંકાર નૈસર્ગિક નથી એપલેટ છે અનિવાર્ય નથી સાહિત્ય માટે જરૂરી છે વાણી અલંકારીત હોય તે વ્યક્ત થાય છે ભર્તુહરી ની મુજબ વાણીનો છે અલંકાર છે તે જ સાચો છે વાણી સાથે વ્યક્તિત્વ જોડાયા છે જેથી પાણી પરથી ખ્યાલ આવે વ્યક્તિનું વ્યક્તિત્વ અલંકાર નું સ્થાન સાર્થક હોવો જોઈએ અલંકાર ક્યાં વપરાય કેવી રીતે વપરાય તેના નિયમો હોય છે તે જેઠા સ્થાને વાપરવાને બદલે યોગ્ય રીતે વપરાય તે અનિવાર્ય છે. અલંકાર માત્ર કોઈ એક પંક્તિને નહીં પરંતુ સમગ્ર કાર્ય ની શોભા ને વધારે છે જેમકે

 આ નભ ઝૂક્યું તે કાનજી ને ચાંદની તે રાધા રે

રિતી :

Riti is the way of presention.

 Riti means prosecc or method it should be of creater. VAMAN  gives more important to the riti.

      रितीरआत्मा काव्यस्य।

We also can say that Riti is style of writer or creater.

Style can be changed with time, place and language.

Auachitya

As Coleridge said

      " Best word in best order "




Thank you.... Give your suggestions... 

   

Know the Author :Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

  Welcome viewers..
 

               I'm here one blog with a author named Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Yes this the  name of author. For whom this name is new they might be thought this is He/she?

So this name is a women writer.Sometime in literature it is became important to know the author to understand their work in a better way. So this is blog upon this activity.

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie born on 15 September 1977.she is a Nigerian writer whose works range from novels to short stories to nonfiction. She was described in The Times Literary Supplement as "the most prominent" of a "procession of critically acclaimed young anglophone authors is succeeding in attracting a new generation of readers to African literature".

*Novels by her :

Purple Hibiscus (2003)

Half of a Yellow Sun (2006)

Americanah (2013)

The short story collection The Thing Around Your Neck (2009)

Ngozi Adichie's original and initial inspiration came from Chinua Achebe, after reading late Prof. Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart", at the age of 10.

In this above video she talked about lie and truth. Adichie shared one experience of her that she fan of one writer and she go to him and appreciate his work but in actual she didn't read and work written  by him. So, that writers wife asked her that vwhichv  work she had read? And now? She have any answer to give her. So this is the example of lie that we doesn't read or know about things but we just  want to show off and we  used  lie. In today we all speak lie so many time because we do something wrong. It S reason can be our side but we know lie is lie. I like in this video that she told we should respect the art and never lie for that to show off ourself and wrongly praised anyone. I remember one  line from old movie's song that


"सजन रे जूठ मत बोलो
      खुदा के पास जाना है..... "

I shouldn't do that, that is truth  that realisation. We used word like that is real truth, but I think  truth is Truth nothing like real truth what is real truth? 

 I like her style to convey her massage to audience. It was very impressive. She  talked  about in second  video that  in this World  women always inferior than man. Man should understand that woman is also a human being. They are not be created for marriage only, society created rules only for Girl and Women not for man. Society told girl how she looks like and she follows the rules. So called rules you know. Boys and Men should also follow some rules and respect to women. Even in 21th century we have so many orthodox rules for women but not for men.  There shuld be some rules for men as well.

In todays context we also see the orthodox system even in  our society. 

I really don't know about this author but from this videos I want read her work and also want to know that situation about the women in her work which is reflected  the world did for women....

Thank you for visiting....




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Thinking activity : I. A Richard -verbal analysis

Hello viewers,

   I'm here with one more blog activity which is given by Dr Barad sir. To know more click here.

  We all know the genre of literature. Poem is one of them. It is easy to read but not easy to understand. May be we can  find  many interpretation of poem. When we critisied any literary work we try to get so many information about the writer and background behind it. Eliot says to know about the historical event also.

  But Matthew Arnold says try to understand the poem without any attachment. I. A. Richard says try to analyse the work without knowing the title and writer or poet.

  In this blog I selected one poem and try to analyse it

In this poem we can see that used numerous metaphors to bring relief for mourners. The person who die he /she try to express emotion through uses metaphor to express the message that he /she is still present even after her/his death. He / she is dead. In this poem many image of nature which are using to give differ aspects of nature to show the freedom, happiness and calmness . He/She tells to loved ones that they can think about that person, when they see the snow and the sun, feel the wind and the rain. This lines in this poem may says that ‘sun on ripened grain’ and ‘gentle autumn rain’ are symbol of comfort and relief.

The poem is full of beautiful imageries that expresses the emotions.

Examples of imagery from the poem:

‘The diamond glint’, ‘sunlight’ are examples of light imagery which gives a light of hope to the readers.

• But in this poem found some metaphor and doubt that how can it possible like :

‘the diamond glints on snow’, ‘

sun on the ripened grain’,

‘the gentle autumn rain’,

‘swift uplifting rush’ and ‘soft stars that shine at night.’

    As we know that sun is burning in day but not at night. There are so many stars in the sky which are also like sun because sun is also a star.They are not burning at night so here soft word is using in the poem. That star are show the happiness and relive.

Author study : Arundhati Roy

Hello viewers,
    This is the blog about to the author and work which is given by Dr Dilip Barad sir.so here this blog is about the Indian writer Arundhati Roy. To know more click here.

Arundhati Roy:

   Her full name is Suzanna Arundhati Roy. She was born on 24november in 1961 at Shillong. She is an Indian author.Arundhati best known for her novel which is very famous work by her ,'The God of small thing '.This book also got 'Booker prize of fiction'  in 1997.This book also became best selling book.

   She also a political person and involved in human  rights and environmental cause.

Roy in Delhi, where she obtained a position with the National Institute of Urban Affairs.she met filmmaker Pradip Krishen, who offered her a role as a goatherd in his award-winning movie Massey Sahib.after that they two married. They collaborated on a television series on India's independence movement and on two films, Annie and Electric Moon.

Early in her career, she also work in television and movies. She wrote the screenplays for In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones a movie based on her experiences as a student of architecture, in which she also appeared as a performer, and Electric Moon.This Both movies were directed by Pradip Krishen, during their marriage.Arundhati Roy won the National Film Award for Best Screenplay in 1988 for In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones.



The God of small thing :

  This is Roy 'S first novel she stared to write this novel in 1992and it was  complete in 1996.she wrote in her childhood experiences in this novel so it can called as semi-autobiographical work.

This book gave her an international fame and also won Booker prize of 1997.it is a debut novel.

   In our life also we know that some little thing can affect us and people. It is also affect our behaviour and lives,auther explore this thing in this novel.

Here one video about the novel why one should read it.

This video is talk about the novel The God of small thing. Arundhati also talk about the situation of India and love relationship can not be possible because of caste system. There is a caste system in India and also it existence we can  find. So she talk about the post colonial India's time and situations as well in her novel. 

This video is about the book by Arundhti Roy and how she wrote in fiction some real event.This book is 'The mystery of  utmost happiness.'

I would like to  say about her that she is a inspiration for a women writer and she is served very testy literature through her thoughts and skill. 

Conversation between Mery Shelly and Jane Austen

 Hello viewers,

   This my blog on task which is given by Vaidehi ma'am.here is one audio of conversation of two 19th century's writer Mery Shelly and Jane Austen.