Friday, 11 October 2019
Assignment -Tom Jones as a comic epic in prose
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji university,Bhavanagar
Name :Pandya Mehal Jitendrabhai
Roll no. :19
Semester :sem -1
Enrollment no. :2069108420200029
Batch :2019-2021
Paper : The neo -classical
Assignment -Topic :Tom Jones as a comic epic in prose
English Department -Bhavanagar
Tom Jones as comic epic in prose
Introduction:-
. Tom Jone is written by Henry Fielding Henry Fielding was born 22 April 17 7 and he died on 8 8 October 1754 fielding was well known English novelist ine he also wrote drama in his work we can see the Satirical Prowess. who's you feeling is undoubtedly one of the great know where is true vastly succeed in making a permanent impact and effect on the letter generation of the novelist.Henry give right form to the novel. He was become more famous with his Novel Tom John Tom Jones is a picaresque novel and it is also known as comic Epic prose so let's discuss about it.S.Diana Neill describes it as “a great novel in itself and a microcosm of the next hundred years in prose fiction.”
The novels event are women with in 18 books as we know there in an Epic there are so many characters plot events and themes which are related to each other we can find the human nature through its story and event from John has so many characters.
Characters:-
Squire Allworthy:
a wealthy and wise landowner, magistrate, and philanthropist residing in somersetshire, England.
Bridget Allworthy :
The metronly sister of square,she has little to recommend Herbert her wealth she is finally learnt Tom's real mother.
Tom Jones :
The hero of the novel.he is the illegitimate son of Bridget. Allworthy adopt Tom and even though he does not know that Tom is really his nephew he treat him as if he were his own son.
Jenny john :
an intelligent servant in the home of the school master she is accused of being a mother for her own good all over the comments her and send her out of the neighbourhood.
Mr. Partridge :
the schoolmaster he is team lead superstitious Visit with a Sri Viswa wife and falsely accused of ringtones father
captain Blifil :
A hypocritical fortune Seeker who pretends virtual while taking advantage of Allworthy's hospitality and Bridget nature instinect.
Master Blifil :
The villainous son of Bridget and captain belief.Like his father, he hopes to rule the entire Allworthy estate and therefore does everything in his power to see that Tom is disowned by Allworthy.
Sophia western :
The lonely intelligent and virtues georgia of the squad she is loved by Tom and his ok to go to hand from the framework of the action in the novel.
Squire western:
Allworthy's neighbour, he ardently loves three things :the hunt, the bottle, and his daughter, and probably in that order.
Mrs. Honour:
Sophia's servant and she helps sophia to escape from her father's demand that she marry Bilifil and accompanies her to london.
Mrs. Miller :
A widow of clergymen, she now boarding house in squire Allworthy had befriends her and Tom stays in her house whenever he arrived in london. she is a nice hearted and virtuous woman.
Nancy Miller : Mrs. Miller's daughter. She became the lover of one of her mother's tenants.
Other characters like, Mr.Nightingale ,Lady Bellaston,Lord Fellamar,Mr.summer,Mr.Watson,
Mr.Fitzpatrick, Molly seagrim, Lawyer Dowling, Ensign Northerton etc.
The Epic is generally defined :-
First we see the definition of epic a long narrative poem on a great and serious subject related with the 11 star in way or centred on Hero Ek Aur divine figure on woods reaction depends the destiny of a group and the human race and human nature.
In modern use this term Epic is generally applied to only in the works on matter of great importance.
What, then is a Comic Epic in Prose?
Thus a comic epic in prose chiefly promises a variety of characters involved in a very comprehensive action. The novelist’s tone is light, even frivolous, and he gives mildly satirical, ironical exposition of the ridiculous. It is epical in scale and it is concerns the ridiculous in human life. It is not romance since it is highly, down-to-earth realistic.
Tom Jones is novels it has 18 books so it is a prose and there is a also given so it is a comic Epic prose Tom Jones is a comic Epic in prose it is a comic epic in prose by virtue of its classical approach its width and trembling narration and it is not because it has a secret is pointed out by a critic and Epic has no secret but let us say Tom John as Epic prose.
Enjoying freedom of an artist he burst onto the literary scene which gives so many hours for writing a kind of epic like 'Tom Jones'.The bulk of the novel is a challenge to an epic we can't surely called Pride and Prejudice or Great Expectations and Epic.Its reason is their concentration on action and a little space for the movement, whereas this novel moves on rambling to any distance. Epic is an honest narrative.
Plot of the novel :-
Allworthy saw a baby boy on his bed,and also finds a woman named jenny johns and her tutor Mr. Partridge.Mr.Allworthy send jenny away from the country. In Spite of the criticism of the parish.Allworthy decides to bring up listen to bring up the boy. He got married with Bridget she also married with Captain blifil and gave birth to a son with same name.Captain blifill regards Tom Jones with jealousy during meditating on money matters captain Blifil falls dead of an apoplexy. The narrator skips toward twelve years Tom and Blifil had been brought up together.Allworthy is the only person who Shows consistent affection. Tom is wild and Blifil is pious.Tom frequently steals to support the family of Blank George one of Allworthy's the servants.Tom spends much time with squire western. she is neighbour of Allworthy -since the squire is impressed by tom's sportsmanship .Sophia western,daughter of squire western. She falls in love with Tom. Tom had already bestowed his affection on Molly seagrim the poor girl.
When Molly become pregnant, Tom prevents Allworthy from spending on Molly to prison by admitting that he is the father of the baby. Tom's commitment to the molly ends when he discovers that she has been having a relationship with other man also. Tom's father falls I'll which states that Blifil will inherit of his estate. Although Tom is also provided for. A lawyer named Dowling arrives and announce the sudden and unexpected death of Bridget Allworthy. Tom called "bastard" by Blifil and also hitting and retaliates.Mrs western the aunt with whom Sophia spend much of her youth comes to stay at her brother's house brothers'. she and the squire fight constantly but the unit over Mrs westerns plan to marriage Sophia with Blifil. But Sophia was against this proposal. She loves Tom.So Blifil always pouring the poison in ear of Tom's father against Tom. Tom is a guy who has affairs with girls and also he has bad habit. He also not want leave Sophia. Apart from that Sophia run away because she doesn't want to marry with blifil.sophia came to know that Tom's affair with Bellaston is over now. squire Western look Sofia in her bedroom Mr fitzpatrick this begins a dual with Tom, and Tom is arrested. There so many phonomon after that at the end Mrs. Western eagerly encourage and force her to marry with Tom. Sophia agree to marry with Tom.Apart from that Mr. Allworthy came to know about Blifil's right side of bad mind. He gave his all estate to Tom.
Humour in novel:-
Fielding a critic,dominates his narrative through the comic spirit.He finds humour even in the tragic situation.Laughter is a weapon which must be wielded wittingly.
Tom Jones has numerous humorous situation.we can take for example the behaviour of Deborah Wilkins whose mode of enquiry for finding out the present of Tom was humorous enough. Her outrageous sincerity about the affair evoke our sense of humour and laugh.
The behaviour of Partridge and the behaviour of Adams both set us rolling with laughter.The very name of partridge represent the essence of his nomenclature indeed the funny name.There was a good split, which was humorous in itself.
Often the learning of the Doctor in novel Tom Jones makes the reader laugh. At the death of Captain Blifil the Doctor agree without being in a dilemma: Those doctors, whom, to avoid any malicious application, we may distinguish the names of Dr. Y and Dr. Z checking his pulse,Dr. Y was his right hand and Dr.Z was his left hand. They both agreed that he was dead.Dr Z of an epilepsy and other holding that he died of an apoplexy.This kind of humourness situation had been repeated in this novel.Tom lies ill and the physician came to see him.
‘Tom Jones’ is epical in scale
If ‘Tom Jones’ is comic in spirit, it is epical in scale. It offers at least forty well-portrayed characters drawn from different cross section of society. There are lords, justices of peace, lawyers, servants, highwaymen, parsons, innkeepers, soldiers, gypsies, country squires and many others.
·
The prose in ‘Tom Jones’
‘In prose’ is not merely a tag to fill out the phrase ‘comic epic in prose’ It was a well-known belief that poetry is appropriate to the expression of the more elevated thoughts and the celebration of great actions. ‘In prose’ plants us firmly once and for all in the ordinary world with which Fielding was primarily pre-occupied. As a realist attempting a comic epic he found prose with a comic turn given to its phrase as a very suitable medium although when he goes really high in Tom Jones, his prose turns lyrical and soars high like ‘an archangel brooding over mankind’.
·
Epic unities
In ‘Tom Jones ‘, Fielding also shows his concern for the epic unities. The headings of the various Books indicate the time taken by the action described in them Book 1 tells us ‘as much of the birth of the foundling as in necessary’. Books 2 and 3 summarise events till Tom is arrived at the age of seventeen. Book lV is described as ‘ containing a year’ material is given in the first four Books the action is made to come well within a year. The action in all the important epics ,The Iliad, The odyssey ,The Aeneid, is completed within a year.
The action is comprehensive and well extended in space. It includes within its folds the countryside, the highways and the great urban society of London. The rural as well as urban society is portrayed almost in entirety. The action is so distributed that three units consisting of six Books each strictly observe the unity of place.
Conclusion :-
If we refer to Aristotle’s original triangulation. We find that non-dramatic equivalent of the comedy is lampoon, of tragedy, epic. With the new opening before him, Fielding takes cross bearings on the old landmarks and attempts a comic epic. ‘In prose’ gives him a third bearing and his triangulation is complete. He leaves an old track, but he does not get lost. W.L. Renwick in’ Essays and Studies’, rightly remarks:
“ In that great phrase ‘comic epic in prose, Fielding evoked
a critical tradition, claimed his authority, asserted right
of the new ……to the craft of the comedy and the dignity of
the epic and assumed moral responsibilities of both along
with the freedom of prose.”
Give your suggestions and comment...
Thank you...
Assignment -preface of William Wordsworth
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji university,Bhavanagar
Name :Pandya Mehal Jitendrabhai
Roll no. :19
Semester :sem -1
Enrollment no. :2069108420200029
Batch :2019-2021
Paper : Literary criticism
Assignment -Topic:Preface of William Wordsworth
English Department -Bhavanagar
William Wordsworth
william wordsworth was a poet. He was born on 7th April 1770.He was an english romantic poe. william Wordsworth famous for his lyrical ballads.lyrical Ballad published by William and his friend coleridge in 1798 not being violently attacked by the neoclassical critics of the Burke and the quarterly reviews it is doubtful whether he would have append a single line of Criticism. the chief of his critical paper is the preface to the second edition of the lyrical ballads dated 1800 which was revised in enlarged in the subsequent addition of 1802 in 1815.This creation brought change in Romantic age. Wordsworth describe his theory of poetry view and idea in the preface of lyrical ballads.
The idea or aim of writing the lyrical Ballad introduced to the Reader poem of William Wordsworth felt at each and every new original poet had to create the test by which readers will read and enjoy and this is the basic objective of the preface of lyrical Ballad.
Wordsworth apprize first the poetry which written earlier and these poetry shows how new written poetry is differ than them,also how can be appreciated.
Theme
Theme of Preface is about the view of William for poetic diction or subject and object of poetry. Poet says that he had chosen to write about an incident and events from the countryside people's life and the language really used by them.But this was only imagination. we can see the human nature or a reality in simplicit. so,wordsworth chosen humble and rural or simple lifestyle. Common people are next near to nature, so we can not see the artificiality and ornamatical feeling and nature.
Subject matter of poetry
this is the theme of poetry as per Williams view poem was choosing from the situation and event which happen in simple life and in common people how to describe them by words for selection of language really used by men and making the imagination new to colouring it to make that incident interesting by pressing in them really thought not expressive.Poetry is a form,there are emotion, feeling, culture, originality not artificial sense, humility and humbleness etc.
when poet write poetry imagination thought and spontaneous feeling is very important and useful for poet to write poem as we know poetry is very hard to make because it has less word to express too much tales and feeling reality is the thing which we find in simplicity so the common Lifestyle culture etcetera are subject of poetry.
The language of poem
William Wordsworth also talk about the language which using by the poet he said that language would be come on is the people are rustic and common life still life so they can also read the poem and get the improvement of poem and literature which are written on their cultural and lifestyle.
What is poet?
Wordsworth ask one question is not who is a poet but he ask what is a. He gave the definition of poet giving in his view in answer that,
"He is a man speaking to men it is true in soft wheat more likely sensibility more enthusiasm and tenderness"
He said poet has knowledge of the nature and comprehensive sound also common among the mankind this kind of quality according Wordsworth have to in poet.
Wordsworth's definition of poetry :
" Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings it takes origin from emotion recollected in tranquility. "
Poetry is to teach moral lessons with a feeling of delight. It is to give instruction and delight by connecting people with the poet and his imagination.
*Discuss 'Daffodils - I wandered lonely as a cloud' with reference to Wordsworth's poetic creed...
" I wandered lonely as a cloud....."
Daffodils is the best example of Wordsworth's definition of poetry " poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, recollected in tranquillity.''
Many times, we capture the beauty of nature by our eyes, but we cannot recollect and express that delight in tranquillity. Wordsworth does this amazingly. He enjoys the nature and represents it beautifully. We can say nature is at its best in this poetry. Delight of a particular moment and it's memory are represented all together.
Wordsworth 'S concept of poetic diction :-
Wordsworth stated that is object in adopting a simple addiction for his poem was nearly to ascertain how far the language of conversation in the middle and lower classes of society was adapted to the purposes of poetic pleasure the publication of a second edition of the lyrical Ballad in 1800 provided him with the occasion to explain it. explaining why only you're interested life was chosen for this purpose he says they did ed condition free from all outside insurance men speak from their own personal experience and gone with the feelings and notions in simple and on collaborated expression pattern language therefore is a more permanent and a fast more philosophical language standard regis frequently substituted for a tripod routines today as confirming honorable themselves and their dad in proportion is there separate themselves from the simple piece of men and indulge indulge arbitrary and capricious habits of expression in order to furnish too for fickle tastes and fickle appetite of their own creation.Wordsworth said that his purpose is to imitate and as far as is possible to adopt the very language of men.
Pop Jonson and Grey demand high and top most poetic diction the terms diction and poetic diction are generally used in the augustan age of English literature the idea from point to point Wordsworth closely examines the simple and primary fondness and duties which he thought where to be found amidst the present class to Wordsworth it was the efforts Wordsworth villas in our villages who set up the two thought of humanity living is natural draught Desire them to live to support such a belief it was instinctive for Wordsworth to come forward as a leader of real human speech spoken by the common people does the speech of the rustic seem to be a proper medium of poetry he writes that most of his poems are Britain chiefly with view of excretion how far the language of conversation in the middle and lower classes of society requested to the purposes of poetic pleasure.
Wordsworth lyrical Ballad is a landmark in the history of English literature, especially in poetry Wordsworth studied the simple object of nature and give them the imaginative colours Wordsworth lived on the plane of common life concentrating on the life that he so around him so in Wordsworth poem we find an image in native record of the best real life as well as the best role beauties of place he lived in Wordsworth so the spirit of joy in nature referred divine spirit providing the object of nature.
He continued to believe throughout his life that the spirit of God Lives through the object of nature and found ,he didn't believe in high imaginative power he believed in simplicity of diction and what poetry to the level of the common speech of common life common life of the common human being so they can also enjoy the literature.
*The function of the poetry:-
according to Wordsworth's poetry is the breath and Finer spirit of all knowledge the impatient expression that is in the countenance of all science the poet is the main wood looks before and after he is the rock and defence for human nature and a folder and preserver carrying everywhere with him relationship and love the poet bites together What a patient and knowledge the vast empire of human society poetry is the first and last of all knowledge as Immortal is the heart of man Wordsworth defines poetry in his preface to the lyrical ballads he says that poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings recollecting Infra quality Wordsworth also discuss the term poets and the language used by the poet while writing poem he says that the poet was a man speaking to man.
The poet Converse with general nature the knowledge of the poet and the man of science is Pleasure have a word the poet sang a song in which all human beings joined with him rejoice in the presence of truth is our visible friend and only companion.
- style of poetry:-
Wordsworth view on poetic style where the most Revolutionary of all the idea in the preface he insisted his poems where written in selection of language of Men in a state of Vivid sensation and common man for Wordsworth the rustic speech become synonymous with the general human space the language spoken by a human being in a state of emotion perched and purification by the poet for the main when was speak of the selection of the language of men he clear realise that it is only when selection had taken place that the poet will be able to separate the vulgarity of common life from his composition the poet must eliminate whatever was distressing.
There is no distinction between the language of prose and poetry according to William Wordsworth says that there either is no can be any essential differences between the language of pros and metrical composition heatex up a Sonnet of Grey and thinking on the lines which were valuable in it where hardly different from what they would be in prose he reject the use of personification in the poem because personification cannot form a part of the language used by the man.
To use of metaphor in a state of patient had been regarded as being the language of primitive poet so he does seem to recommend a kind of primitivism which was in other words experience of strong patient it will be seen from the above remarks cat breeders admit that there was a distinction between the language of poetry and prose.
Conclusion :
Wordsworth idea of a new theory of poetry is very good given by him in ‘Preface’ addition. He gives commitment to all poets who write poetry to be written in simple language. Thus , Wordsworth gives a new meaning or definition of poet and also poetry. In ‘Preface’ Wordsworth give a new theory of poetry.
Assignment -Indian renaissa and Aurobindo
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji university,Bhavanagar
Name :Pandya Mehal Jitendrabhai
Roll no. :19
Semester :sem -1
Enrollment no. :2069108420200029
Batch :2019-2021
Paper : Indian writing in English
Assignment -Topic:Indian Reanissa and Aurobindo
English Department -Bhavanagar
Indian Reanissa and Aurobindo.
In the 19th century and 20th century, India was caught in the grip of black magic, blind faith and caste system. People are religious so they didn't apply logic and accept everything which is related especially with religious.They are narrow minded people and also highly orthodox.They can not accept new things easliy.In these time we found the evil customs and they all mostly for female not for male because India has male dominated society.Evil custom like sati ban the widow remarriage,Padada pray hard, limitation to go outside the house.
But the result of Education and English education ,it's brought Change In society. New Consciousness and awareness about education and idea was born,to remove and abolishment of these kind of evil custom.the movement of social and religious reform were started.
The period of 1835 to 1855 is considered as the period during that time Britishers made their grip more tightly on the indian people. This period and Elizabean period in england were compared because of the new literature was born. Indian learn to read and speak comprehend English and they started writing als. Bengal leads the ways but others were not graduating to follow and Anglo -Indian literature had the same origin as the other modern indian literature.
The new Education took long and fast progress and take a place in western and southern india.For the missionaries this is a favourable climate for proselytization.The missionaries and the new Christian convert now made new path on a ceaseless war against Hinduism and took change became westernized in each and every way, despising everything Indian. Christianity made inroads into the former preserves of Hinduism,especially had the conversation of high caste Hindus they both were a bright feather in the missionaries's cap and a shock to Indian complacency.
* Shri Aurobindo:
There are people who read about Aurobindo finding on answer to the seeming riddle of his extraordinary career. People and reader who see in him the promise of the Superman, the propounder of Integral Yoga ,the prophet of the Life Divine and spirituality.There are others who feel attracted to the fiery evangelist of nationalism and to the patriot.Other are drawn picture as a teacher,the scholar, interpreter of the Veda.also him as a critic of life and literature;and there are many more for them he is a man of letters in excelsis a master of prose art and dramatist and poet of great power and versatility.
Without question Aurobindo is the one encounter stability outstanding figure in India Anglian literature Tagore no doubt holds a comparable position in Bengali literature in Indo Anglian literature also can claim him is one of its own unique represent Glory but Arvind also insofar as he was of writer was not merely a writer but really an English writer.
Sri Aurobindo was born on 15 August 1872 in Kolkata his father name shri Krishnadhan Ghosh,he was popular as civil surgeon while his Swarnalata Devi was a daughter of Rishi Rajnarayan Bose. His father was influenced by the culture of Western. He took his education in medical stream in abroad,he also wished the same for his children and he wished that his children stay away from the Indian way.
At Manchester Sri Aurobindo was taught privately by the Rev. William H.Drewett and Mrs Drewett who grounded him well English language , Letin language French language and history.The high master of him named Dr. Walker took interest him and his education so he forced him to Greek studies.This time was very lucky for him he got Butterworth prize for his literature and Bedford prize in History.
He back India at last in February 1893,having received the appointment in the service of the king of Baroda. Sri Aurobindo passed thirteen years in Baroda. He has been employed in many department.then finally he gravitated to the Baroda college.He thought French then he became Professor of English and after some time he got the responsibility of Vice - principal. Aurobindo gained interest in Sanskrit and Bengali, and cultivated besides Gujarati and Marathi.Apart from these phenomenon the political circumstances depressed him so he started writing on that and give his contribution to write on it.A series of trenchant articles to Columns of !INDU PRAKASH'
with the caption 'NEW LAMPS FOR OLD '.
The period of Baroda was significant seed time for Aurobindo's Life. He had an Interest to teach poetry and even politics- simultaneously.In 1895,SONG TO MYRYILLA was appeared.and also followed next year by the narrative poem, URVASIE. He also competed another long poem named LOVE AND DEATH, besides the first draft of SAVITRI. He also wrote plays in blank verse and his remarkable play is 'PERSEUS THE DELIVERER',this play gives the representation of those times. Then the revolutionary politics in Bengal,he wrote 'BHAVANI MANDIR' in 1905.Now he joined politics and time to leaving Baroda college, this time was1906.He wrote :
Political freedom is the life-breath of a nation; to attempt social reform, educational reform, industrial expansion, the moral improvement of the race without aiming first and foremost at political freedom, is the very height of ignorance and futility. Such attempts are foredoomed to disappointment and failure; yet when the disappointment and failure come, we choose to attribute them to some radical defect in the national character, as if the nation were at fault and not its wise men who would not or could not understand the first elementary conditions of success.
. Aurobindo was one of the most creative a significant person in the history of India and Indian literature also Indian nationalism he was Nationalist,philosopher, scholar, poet and yogi. he also showed his interest in political field and become a leader of the movement for the freedom of India under the British rule after that he evaluate the spirituality and introduce vision on human progress and evolution and analysis of spirituality.
He joined the freedom movement he also prisoned because he was writing on British rule but there were no any kind of evidence so he released .It was the time about Sri Aurobindo came under the influence of yogi Lele and had his first realisation of the Vedantic-Advaitic experience of utter silence of the mind for three whole day.Meanwhile the four months in 1908 he managed to engage himself in Yoga as well as politics. Then he again arrested in connection with the bomb outrage that had been taken place a few days ago. when he was in a prison he felt mystical and spiritual experience of 'NARAYAN DARSHAN' that brought a huge change in him and present him with new outlook. His heart was not in that .he gained a deeper insight into spiritual life. Then he left politics and went to Pondicherry for doing spiritual work now he started yoga and he developed method of the spirituality and its practice. In 1914 madam Mirra richard who was herself on a spiritual quest,met Sri Aurobindo. Madam mirra and Sri Aurobindo launched on 15 August 1942 monthly philosophical journal devoted to the exposition of an integral view of life and existence.
He gave the concept of integral yoga and describe it in his book
+The sentences of yoga
+The life divine.
After the Richard left for France soon afterword on Sri Aurobindo fell burden to running the journal and it was his contribution that mainly field its pages its discontinuance in 1921.Most of this periodical contribution had since been revised and issued in book form and work like:
1 The foundations of Indian cultural
2 Renaissance in India
3 Heraclitius
These works have already taken their place in general and philosophical literature.
Aurobindo developed a theory in poetry of overhead and in the poem by him it was a great period he tried to conquer human difficulties of the task also he make a body shape of metric poetry that sustained and inspiring career of his as a poet in a literature in English language.
The central theme of Aurobindo Ghosh's work is the evolution and analysis of human nature and human life into divine and spirituality. man is a traditional being is not final, something is beyond it the step from man to Superman is the next approaching achievement or success in the world evolution. it is inevitable because it is at once the intention or ambition of the inner spirit and the logic of nature's process.
The final contribution of Aurobindo was his vision of the high role That India Was this time did to play in world affairs and his ideal of human Unity at a time during British rule in India was family and security established he has the breed of vision two forces India as a free Nation and he is contribution to the world community he felt that India have a spiritual message which was urgently needed by the people of the world get a free India was the unity in the international community he advocated the concept of human Unity replied it for independence for India in the wider interest of the unity is said our ideal of Patriotism proceeded on the basis of love and brotherhood and it looks beyond the unity of the nation and investigation the ultimate unity of mankind.. . He talk about unity of brothers equally and free made that we seek not the unity of master and servant of devoured.
The contribution of Aurobindo is his idea and view of complete freedom,he was the first indian political and volunteer, freedom fighter,and leader who use the word independence instead of 'Swaraj' He has belief that without political freedom there will be no real development and progress possible in india.
The darkness and distressed in the midst of the 9 days in the world Aurobindo provides a ray of hope to the mankin.He envisaged a new human or man, a new civilisation and new society.Dr.Radhakrishnan" Aurobindo was the greatest intellectual of our age and major Force for the life of the spirit India will not forget his service to politics and philosophy and the world will remember with gratitude his invaluable work in the real name of philosophy and religion".
Conclusion:
In the 18th -19th century brought so many changes in India and the world. During this time so many freedom fighters were making an effort to free india that time Aurobindo gave his priceless contribution to the india. He is a diamond of India and he gave the spiritual thinking and it's important.
Assignment -Metaphysical poetry
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji university,Bhavanagar
Name :Pandya Mehal Jitendrabhai
Roll no. :19
Semester :sem -1
Enrollment no. :2069108420200029
Batch :2019-2021
Paper :The Renaissance literature
Assignment -Topic :Metaphysical poetry
English Department -Bhavanagar
Hello viewers
Here is my blog about my assignment work.
Metaphysical poetry
Introduction:--
In the first half of the 17th century a group of poets emerged whose poetry is known as the 'Metaphysical poetry' since john donne who is the pioneer of this group, it also known as the school of Donne. The other poets who followed footsteps of john Donne were George Herbert, Richard crashshow Abrahom cooley,Andrew Marwell and Robert southwell. These poets tried to followed the style of writing poetry which was initially cultivated by john donne.
The metaphysical poetry had been extensively commented upon by Dr. samuel johnson in his biographical work "The lives" while writing about the life of cooley Dr Johnson has tried to interpret the Metaphysical poetry and it's features.Dr Johnson finds following features in the metaphysical poetry of Donne and his school.
CHARACTERISTIC:=
conscious attempt --:
All the metaphysical poets made a conscious attempt to make different style of writing poetry from the former poets. they were not willing to continue writing poetry in the same manner just like Shakespeare Spencer Philip Sidney marlowe and others. we can see e the metaphysical term in writing of Shakespeare ,Spencer, Sydney etc but it is recognised as metaphysical poetry in 17th century and its effect in this during time.
They wanted to make their poetry look differ from former poets it was a conscious attempt to part weight existing style of writing poetry and to cultivate it in a new style.
Critic finds two reasons for the desire to differ from former poets.The first reason is that they were fully aware of the fact that they would had been rejected.They were continued to write poetry in the same way. Invention of printing press helped a lot in expanding education and literacy. so, people where does illiterate it was the diamond hill new kind of poetry. These demands of the poetry was served by metaphysical poets.
All all the metaphysical poets will literate and degree holders they want to exhibit their learning and scholarship and so they tried to be different than the former poets.
Far fetched image:--
this is the other characteristic of this poetry far fetched images and concerts was one more feature of the metaphysical poetry they never tried to use and Express their images from that field with which the theme of their poetry was concerned and associated tried to bring their images from those field which have nothing to do with the theme and not related with their poem theme so they were called far-fetched images they tried to bring their images from the branches of area just like agriculture engineering architecture biology mechanical geometry and many other which have nothing common with theme of this kind of poems.
search in practice attraction of the readers and it made them established poets Herbert pick up images from mechanical and architecture its waste example the church pouch and the pulley marble made use the geometrical images the best example of that is to to his Coy mistress done made used of all of the type of images in his poetry which we can see in his poems
this kind of practice was and experiment for them in which they remind successful.
Scholarship:--
Samuel Johnson have made one remarkable comment to pass on the poetry of metaphysical the comment is
"Their poetries to trial of their finger but not of their ear"
The meaning is a remainder successful in displaying scholarship but difficult in giving Rhythm and music to the poetry.
Metaphysical poetry also sought to shock the reader and wake him or her up from his or her normal existence in order to question the unquestionable. The poetry often mixed ordinary speech with paradoxes and puns. The results were strange, comparing unlikely things, such as lovers to a compass or the soul to a drop of dew. These weird comparisons were called conceits.
Minor Poets..
- Anne Bradstreet
- Thomas Carew
- George Chapman
- John Hall
- Edward Herbert
- Richard Leigh
- Katherine Philips
- Sir John Suckling
Let's look at some poem of John donne which are are the metaphysical poems.
1 The sun rising
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2 The flea
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3 Death be not proud
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4 Ecstasy
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5 Sweetest love
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6 The Dream
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The sun rising:-
In this poem done address says sun is busy old fool Sun which is the centre of our existence the reason of life on earth. the sun rising is a well-known poem of John donne it is address to the sun by a lover who is in the company of his beloved Lord Express his concern for his beloved by addressing this poem To The Rising Sun.
The poem opens with the lovers rebuke to the Rising Sun.Rising Sun peeps into the bedroom of this lover through Windows and curtain the lover doesn't like it. He want to convince the sun that the season and climate of lovers cannot be governed by the sun.
In next stanza poem lover compare Shine of ice of his beloved and the Shine of the Sun He suggest Rising Sun to take a trip of the whole word and to make a survey whether spices of India are more beautiful or his beloved in brief lover considers his beloved superior to the rising Sun.
in the third stanza and concluding poem is a comparison between the political empire of a king and the empire of love he is is of the opinion that he himself is the king and his beloved is his Empire he believes that his world is where his believe it is if the sun shines where she is it would be as good as shining everywhere there is no need for the sun to go elsewhere but to shine where she is.
Don has made remarkable use of far fetched image in this present poem The Rising Sun which is an image of the field of astronomy is utilised here for the theme of love one more image which belongs to the field of chemistry Alchemist has been used here for the expression of love.
in brief the sun rising is a good example of metaphysical poetry.
The flea:-
in this poem has taken here help of a biological image of free to deal with the theme of love it is true this image of the flea insect that the lover in the present poem Express his love for a woman and tries to convince her not to refuse him and his love for her the poem is divided into three stanza in which at the Central is the image of flea in the first stanza free sucking his blood and then her blood so never said that tablets have become one in the wall of the flying Jatt it is more than their marriage bed and church.
in the second stanza poem deals with that lady attempt to kill the flea the lover request her not to kill that flea because if she doing things like that then she kills 3 lives and it would be a such a scene there he do not want to to let she commit.
the opening of the third stanza the lady had already made her nails purple by killing that insect now the lover tried to present his case with by applying mute logic that logic is false fear.
the basic argument of the lower is that no woman ever loses her honour if she accept genuine proposal on the contrary it at to her honour The Lost of the life of free had to teach a lesson to her and the lesson was that most of the our fears are false he does not find any scenes of scene and act of shame if he is active accepted by her the free is just an example to convince her.
Sweetest love:--
sweetest love by John donne is a poem about that in love this is also amazing metaphysical poetry by him the poet here I want to convey that those who loved never die physical death is not a Death at all in love there can be only one time of death in love and that is separation he called separation is a death in love.
in opening stanza of the poem lovers try to show your his beloved that he is is going away from her not because he is tired of her or or because he had got a better companion he is pillow weight that at last every body has to go because it is the way of the world.
He gives example of the sun astronomical image to convince her to believed that he is going away his absence will not before a long time the sun has neither sense no Desire and yet it is comes back after crossing a long distance.The lover has sense a desire and his way is not so long as his way of the sun.so he will be come back at home and got the her company again.
Man considers himself as a powerful and mighty but this lover has realised how weak a man is a centre man is such a weak animal that he can not add one moment more to his happy time, once happy time ends. Here the lover wants moral support from his beloved to face the time of death.
The lover convinced her and request her to not cry and sigh after his death. When she sigh it is not a air but his soul that comes out, when she cries that time is not just water that comes from her eyes but it is his blood that comes out.
Conclusion :
Thus, we can say that metaphysical poetry is a very important form of poetry in English literature. In this poets were very scholar and intellectual. They were use wit and far fetched images and any other characteristics to make their poems very beautiful. Poets were saying something through the use of contrast things. Metaphysical poetry this school made by John Donne. He was a leading poet of this school.
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