Assignment -Metaphysical poetry

Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji university,Bhavanagar

Name :Pandya  Mehal Jitendrabhai 

Roll no. :19 

Semester :sem -1

Enrollment no. :2069108420200029

Batch :2019-2021

Paper :The Renaissance literature

Assignment -Topic :Metaphysical poetry 

   English Department -Bhavanagar 

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Metaphysical poetry 

Introduction:--

 In the first  half of the 17th century a group of poets emerged whose poetry is  known as the 'Metaphysical poetry' since john donne who is the pioneer of this group, it also known as the school of Donne.  The other poets who followed footsteps of john Donne were George Herbert, Richard crashshow Abrahom cooley,Andrew Marwell and Robert southwell. These poets tried to followed the style of writing poetry which was initially cultivated by john donne.

         The metaphysical poetry had been extensively commented upon by Dr. samuel johnson in his biographical work "The lives" while writing about the life of cooley Dr Johnson has tried to interpret the Metaphysical poetry and it's features.Dr Johnson finds following features in the metaphysical poetry of Donne and his school.

CHARACTERISTIC:=

 conscious attempt --:

    All the metaphysical poets made a conscious attempt to make different style of writing poetry from the former poets. they were not willing to continue writing poetry in the same manner just like Shakespeare Spencer Philip Sidney marlowe and others. we can see e the metaphysical term in writing of Shakespeare ,Spencer, Sydney etc but  it is recognised as metaphysical poetry in 17th century and its effect in this during time.

       They wanted to make their poetry look differ from former poets it was a conscious attempt to part weight existing style of writing poetry and to cultivate it in a new style.

Critic finds two reasons for the desire to differ from former poets.The first  reason is that they were fully aware of the fact that they would had been rejected.They were  continued to write poetry in the same way. Invention of printing press helped a lot in expanding education and literacy. so, people where does illiterate it was the diamond hill new kind of poetry. These demands of the poetry was served by metaphysical poets.

      

     All  all the metaphysical poets will literate and degree holders they want to exhibit their learning and scholarship and so they tried to be different than the former poets.

Far fetched image:--

     this is the other characteristic of this poetry far fetched images and concerts was one more feature of the metaphysical poetry they never tried to use and Express their images from that field with which the theme of their poetry was concerned and associated tried to bring their images from those field which have nothing to do with the theme and not related with their poem theme so they were called far-fetched images they tried to bring their images from the branches of area just like agriculture engineering architecture biology mechanical geometry and many other which have nothing common with theme of this kind of poems.

 search in practice attraction of the readers and it made them established poets Herbert pick up images from mechanical and architecture its waste example the church pouch and the pulley marble made use the geometrical images the best example of that is to to his Coy mistress done made used of all of the type of images in his poetry which we can see in his poems

 this kind of practice was and experiment for them in which they remind successful.

Scholarship:--

     Samuel Johnson have made one remarkable comment to pass on the poetry of metaphysical the comment  is 

"Their  poetries to trial of their finger but not of their ear"

 The meaning is a remainder successful in displaying scholarship but difficult in giving Rhythm and music to the poetry.

         Metaphysical poetry also sought to shock the reader and wake him or her up from his or her normal existence in order to question the unquestionable. The poetry often mixed ordinary speech with paradoxes and puns. The results were strange, comparing unlikely things, such as lovers to a compass or the soul to a drop of dew. These weird comparisons were called conceits.

Minor Poets..

• Anne Bradstreet  
• Thomas Carew     
• George Chapman 
• John Hall                
• Edward Herbert   
• Richard Leigh       
• Katherine  Philips 
• Sir John Suckling

      Let's look at some poem of John donne which are are the metaphysical poems.

1  The  sun rising

2  The flea

3 Death be not proud

4 Ecstasy

5 Sweetest love

6 The Dream

  

 The sun rising:-

      In this poem done address says sun is busy old fool Sun which is the centre of our existence the reason of life on earth. the sun rising is a well-known poem of John donne it is address to the sun by a lover who is in the company of his beloved Lord Express his concern for his beloved by addressing this poem To The Rising Sun.

      The poem opens with the lovers rebuke to the Rising Sun.Rising Sun peeps into the bedroom of this lover through Windows and curtain  the lover doesn't like it. He want to convince the sun that the season and climate of lovers cannot be governed by the sun.

       In next  stanza poem lover compare Shine of ice of his beloved and the Shine of the Sun He suggest Rising Sun to take a trip of the whole word and to make a survey whether spices of India are more beautiful or his beloved in brief lover considers his beloved superior to the rising Sun.

 in the third stanza and concluding poem is a comparison between the political empire of a king and the empire of love he is is of the opinion that he himself is the king and his beloved is his Empire he believes that his world is where his believe it is if the sun shines where she is it would be as good as shining everywhere there is no need for the sun to go elsewhere but to shine where she is.

  Don has made remarkable use of far fetched image in this present poem The Rising Sun which is an image of the field of astronomy  is utilised here for the theme of love one more image which belongs to the field of chemistry Alchemist has been used here for the expression of love.

 in brief the sun rising is a good example of metaphysical poetry.

The flea:-

 in this poem has taken here help of a biological image of free to deal with the theme of love it is true this image of the flea insect that the lover in the present poem Express his love for a woman and tries to convince her not to refuse him and his love for her the poem is divided into three stanza in which at the Central is the image of flea in the first stanza free sucking his blood and then her blood so never said that tablets have become one in the wall of the flying Jatt it is more than their marriage bed and church.

 in the second stanza poem deals with that lady attempt to kill the flea the lover request her not to kill that flea because  if she doing things like that then she kills 3 lives and it would be a such a scene there he do not want to to let she commit.

 the opening of the third stanza the lady had already made her nails purple by killing that insect now the lover tried to present his case with by applying mute logic that logic is false fear.

     the basic argument of the lower is that no woman ever loses her honour if she accept genuine proposal on the contrary it at to her honour The Lost of the life of free had to teach a lesson to her and the lesson was that most of the our fears are false he does not find any scenes of scene and act of shame if he is active accepted by her the free is just an example to convince her.

Sweetest love:--

      sweetest love by John donne is a poem about that in love this is also amazing metaphysical poetry by him the poet here I want to convey that those who loved never die physical death is not a Death at all in love there can be only one time of death in love and that is separation he called separation is a death in love.

 in opening stanza of the poem lovers try to show your his beloved that he is is going away from her not because he is tired of her or or because he had got a better companion he is pillow weight that at last every body has to go because it is the way of the world.

 He gives example of the sun astronomical image to convince her to believed that he is going away his absence will not before a long time the sun has neither sense no Desire and yet it is comes back after crossing a long distance.The lover has sense a desire and his way is not so long as his way of the sun.so he will be come  back at home and got the her company again.

   Man considers himself as a powerful and mighty but this lover has realised how weak a man is a centre man is such a weak animal that he can not add one moment more to his happy time, once happy time ends. Here the lover wants moral support from his beloved to face the time of death. 

 The lover convinced her and request her to not cry and sigh after his death. When she sigh it is not a air but his soul that comes out, when she cries that time is not just water that comes from her eyes but it is his blood that comes out. 

Conclusion :

Thus, we can say that metaphysical poetry is a very important form of poetry in English literature. In this poets were very scholar and intellectual. They were use wit and far fetched images and any other characteristics to make their poems very beautiful. Poets were saying something through the use of contrast things. Metaphysical poetry this school made by John Donne. He was a leading poet of this school.