Assignment Topic: Indian poetics

Name :Mehal J.  Pandya 

Sem :2

Roll no. 13

Enrollment no. 2069108420200029

Subject : literary criticism 

Assignment Topic: Indian poetics

Batch:2019-2020

E-maid:mehalpandya252@gmail.com

Submitted to: Department of English 

        

 M. K. Bhavangar University 

Preface:

   Indian poetic basically related with the Sanskrit language and also it's root going through the two great epic poems 'Ramayana' and 'Mahabharata'. In Sanskrit language there are so many great poets like Kalidas and other writer like Bhavbhuti, Dandi.

 In Indian poetic we can see the different theories and theory schools. So, let's study on different school of theories in details. 

Literary theory 

     When we are going to study about theory, it is important to know the names of them.This theory are given by the great thinker and they also talk about them in details in their work so here is the table in which I put the detail about the theory. 

School	Thinker	Text
Rasa	Bharata	Natyashastra
Riti	Vamana	Kavyalamkarasutra
Dhavani	Anandavardhan	Dhvanyaloka
Alamkara	Bhamaha	Kavyalankara
Auchitya	Ksemendra	Auchityacarcarca
Vakrokti	Kuntak	Vakroktivijit

Rasa school :

“ Rasa in Bharatmuni  is nothing but the exposition of the structure of human experience.”

    Rosa theory is very important in Indian poetics. Rosa is said to arise  when the Sthayabhava in individuals is awakened by his perception of the Vibhava, Anubhava, Vyabhicharibhava and Sattvic bhava. Rasa theory finds its root in late vedic period in Atharvaveda( 200 BC-100 BC) Bharatmuni (F.c.AD approx.) gave major statement in his Book ‘Natyashastra’.

  We can find the Sthayabhavas in each individual and they will never die. Here are names of Sthayabhavas :

1 Shringar 

2 Karun

3 Veer

4 Raudra 

5 Hasya 

6 Bhayanak 

7 Vibhatsa 

8 Adabhut 

9 Shant 

  Bharatmuni give a sloka in his Natyashastra 

                    शृंगार करूणवीर

                    रौद्र हास्य भयानक

                    विभत्साद्भूतशांतश्व

                    नव नट्ये रसा स्मृता।।

Bharatmuni:

Bhartamuni also says in his book definition of Rasa and next will be all theory development of those things many critics write them nearly of their principle of theory as a like:

vibhavnubhavVabhichasayogarasanishpati

 Vibhava (विभव),

 Sthayabhava (स्थायीभाव),

 Sancaribhava ( संकरीभाव),

 Anubhava (अनुभव)  and

 Sattvikabhava (सात्विकभाव

Riti School:

   This school's exponent Vamana.He is author of Kavyalankara Sutravritti. According to Vamana Riti or Style or mode of expression is the soul of poetry.It is  arrangement of words. This is based on Gunas or on qualities like figure of speech. Both sound and sense which have a role to play to enhance the aesthetic of poem. 

  

    Style is distinction between this two:

 1 Vaidarbha style 

 2 Gaudya style 

    In Dandin we find  the earlier partiality for Vaidarbha style and aversion to Other style named Gaudya style. According to Dandin Vaidharbha style is best for poetry and he says this style contains ten poetic qualities which are gives properly balance. They are mentioned here:

1.Ojas:  strength through the use of long compounds

2. Prasad:  clarity & lucidity

3. Shlesha:  well knittedness

4. Samata:  evenness of sound within a line

5. Samadhi:  ambivalence through the use of metaphors

6. Madhurya:  sweetness

7. Sukamarata: softness & delicacy

8. Udaratva:  exaltation

9. Arthavyakti: lucidity of meaning

10. Kanti: grace

    From all these, Phase, Madhurya and Prasad are very important. 

  (A.  ) Vaidarbha: According to vamana vaidarbha is that style which is untouched by even the slightest blemish, which is full of all the qualities and which is a scoot as the lute.

  (B)         Gaudiya style: The gaudiya style is characterized by Ojas and Kanti but it devoid of madhurya and  saukumaryo it is full of long compound and bombastic words.

   (C)    Panchali : Panchali is the style which has the qualities of Madhurya  and saukumarya and is devoid of ojas and kanti. It is soft and resemble the puranic style

Dhvani school 

Dhvani theory is a theory of meaning, of symbolism, and this principle leads to the poetry of suggestion being accepted as the highest kind of poetry.This is also very important theory next to the Rosa theory.  Anandvardhan talk on Dhvani theory. He also wrote about in his work ' Dhavnyaloka'. Dhvani explains the structure and function in literature about the aesthetic effect the figural mode and devise.The stylistIc values and also Dvani explain about excellent and defeat which means Gunas and Dosha. 

   We can see that all the subsequent theories in literary theory, there are theory traditions this both theories Rasa and Dhvani, combination adequate and sufficient to analyse the constitution of meaning in literature. 

   Anandvardhan uses the term Dhvani to designate the universe of suggestion.Two part of Dhvani are :

            1 Sphotak 

            2 Vyanjana

                      He also give three levels of meaning through 

1Abhidha

2Lakshna

3Vyanjana 

4 Alankara : 

 Alankara means ornament when we wear ornament and they make us more  beautiful as it is, the Alankara beauty the poetto. This alankara school is the earliest and most sustained  one. We can find information about the Alankara from the 'Alankarasutra'. 

" Bhamaha " is the first Alamkara poetician. In chapters 2 and 3 of  " Kavyalamkara "he describes 24 figures of speech. There are two types of Alamkaras.

1. Shabdalamkara :-     Shabda + Alamkar (The meaning of sound.)

2. Arthalamkara :-    Artha + Alamkar ( The meaning of word & thoughts.)

  In this school Bharata give four figure of in his work Natyashastra, he mentioned this four figure in the 17th chapter;

1 Upama 

2 Rupak 

3 Dipak 

4 Yamak 

    Acharya Mammat gave his views and he worked  on this as well. He enumerates sixty one figures and group them into seven types:

Upama (simile) 

Rupaka (metaphor)

Aprastut prasansa (indirect speech) 

Dipaka (stringed figure)

Vyatireka( dissimilitude) 

Virodha (contradiction)

Samuccaya (concatenation) 

 Vakrokti 

    This is also a important school in Indian poetic. Kuntak is the founder of Vakrokti school.He is author of Vakroktijivit'. 

      The word of vakrokti consist two words-Vakta and another one is Ukti. Vakra means zigzag not straight and Ukti means poetic expression speech. 

               Vakrokti :-  Vakra + Ukti

     Vakrokti manifested at six levels 

1 The phonetic level 

2 The lexical level 

3 The grammatial level 

4 The sentiment level  

5 The contextual level 

6 The compositional level 

            Vakrokti theory is a useful framework for stylistic analysis of literature.

 Kuntak made Vakrokti a full -fledged theory of literariness. According to him Vakrokti is - "Both words and meanings marked by artistic turn of speech "

 Auchity school 

        Auchitya in literary criticism had not appeared all of sudden but literary critics collect ingeniously materials from older literature and build their theories on them. Ksemendra likewise found the concept of Auchitya in earlier literature which he developed into an elaborate thesis. 

    

According to Kuntak Auchitya as guna a quality on account of which any Charming expression bring the excellence of the subject described. 

According to Ksemendra  Auchitya resides in twenty eight place and also he appears to have been more or less inspired by approach of Kantaka in listing the place where vakrokti resides.

The concept of Auchitya could , perhaps, be understood as the sense of  proportion between the whole (Angin) and the part (Anga) and harmony on one side; and, appropriateness and adaptation on the other.

It said; be it Alamkara or Guna, it will be beautiful and relishing if it is appropriate (Uchita) from the point of view of Rasa; and, they would be rejected if they are in- appropriate . And, what is normally considered a Dosha (flaw) might well turn into Guna (virtue) when it is appropriate to the Rasa

But, many are hesitant to accept Auchitya as the Atma of the Kavya. They point out that Auchitya by its very nature is something that attempts to bring refinement into to text; but, it is not an independent factor. And, it does not also form the essence of Kavya. Auchitya is also not a recognized School of Poetics.

Some special features in Indian poetic 

1 The theory of suggestion :

     That t poetry Works By suggestion has been opted by Shelley received and I recharged but the Indian as they have studied at length the way the suggestion works the words and sentence of a poem have a differential or direct meaning through which the emotive meaning Express itself and overshadows the former good poetry does not influence emotional like music that does not say anything it present a referential meaning as well as an emotion attitude image from the letter with sufficient uniformity and distinctness  so get the emotive attitude thirst suggested or evoked may be called emotive meaning. there is another way of suggesting the emotive meaning in there's the Raho Trickle construction of words and sentence instead of describing certain characters their behaviour and surroundings suggest certain emotions.

2 Permanent and transitory emotions 

       Emotions are vacant in poetry are of two classes 1 class dominates a poem wild other are transient and subservient to them. Thus the pervading emotion or the prevailing mood in a poem. Ex Romeo and Juliet. May be love which is served by such transitory emotions as longing, rashness, anxiety sadness, joy, self-pity, cruelty, stupefaction etc. 

       Now  the emotions that may be employed to strike the dominant not of poem are the more elemental powerful and pervasive in human nature such as the love,  fear and wonder each of these manifest itself through a number of less element tell and powerful emotion which appear and disappear in quick succession in the  poem. 

         Abhinavagaupta is very rigid in these matters;  he enumerate nine motion that can function as permanent one,  and does not admit any others. He lays down that only these,when depicted by appropriate suggestive means and through their proper auxiliary emotions, can produce Rosa or aesthetic delight.

Conclusion :

   

   Finally, there are all theory properly their condition may be true and right of his way through writing of literature. Indian poetics in such concepts of very valuable tools of evolution of work of art and some other related things. Here most important that we are not evolution to only for in one theory. All of theorist has right and true of his own view and poetry and literature creator got idea that all over theory possible to use of most kind of work.  

Work citation:

                 Chodhary Dev, Glimpse of Indian Poetic. New Delhi :Sahitya Academy 2002.

                 Deshpande G. T.  "Indian literature" Bhartiya Sagittarius Shastra,2016

                 Patel,Manilal H. and Pandit Harish.Sahitya Mimansa. Amdavad:Parshva ,2014

Assignment Topic:Sense and Sensibility

Name :Mehal J.  Pandya 

Sem :2

Roll no. 13

Enrollment no. 2069108420200029

Subject : Romantic Literature 

Assignment Topic:Sense and Sensibility

Batch:2019-2020

E-mail Id :mehalpandya252@gmail.com

Submitted to: Department of English 

         

M. K. Bhavanagar University 

Introduction:

Jane Austen

         Jane Austen was an English novelist.Her work of funny shows the dependence of women on marriage in the occupation of favourable social standing and economic security and  struggle of women in her life and Austan was well known as woman writer and her works are also famous in present time as well.

 1 Sense and Sensibility

 2 Pride and Prejudice (1813)

 3 Mansfield park(1814)

 4 Emma(1816)

         Jane Austen also wrote other additional novels are Northanger Abbey and Persuasion. These  novels by Austan, published in 1880. Austa's plots highlight women's traditional dependence on marriage to secure their life social status and they can get  financial security through marriage.

Austen definitely advocates for the existence of true love through the characters of Elinor and Marianne, but it seems that she is making a separate claim – that the presence of wealth is nearly or equally as vital to one’s happiness. While seemingly making a plea for the importance of love in a marriage, Austen understatedly suggests that staying within social guidelines and marrying someone of an appropriate financial standing is still crucial to prosperity as a whole.

Sense and sensibility:

           Sense and Sensibility is a famous novel by Jane Austen novel published in 18 11 this novel is tell story about the women in his novel dashboard family in this family for women who are at centre and there are also other women characters but on the periphery for women names who are at centre,

 Mrs. Deshwood

 Elinor Dashwood 

 Marrianne Deshwood

 Margaret Deshwood

       Mrs. Deshwood is mother of these three sisters;Elioner,Marrianne and the younger one Margaret. They have also a half brother named John Deshwood. Fanny is wife of John Deshwood.

       In this novel Jane Austen portrait the picture of Victorian time. Situation of women and about their Rights.we can also find the marriage issue and marriage as central theme in Austen works and the economically conditions of women.In present novel we  can see the that kind of problem facing by the women.Lets know about characters of this novel.

Elioner:

     

       Elioner as the embodiment of  ' Sense' typically commands less critical sympathy and appreciation than her sister Marrianne as the representative of 'Sensibility'. Jane Austen created,so goes the argument, a heroine who is chilly, bloodless and unadmirable.

         Elioner serves two functions in Sense and sensibility, and their interrelatedness attests to Austan' genius in depicting the complex working of character Elioner is at once the only normative figure in the novel and its center of consciousness.

        

        

Marrianne:

           A case in point in Marrianne Deshwood in sense and sensibility.she has 'a life ,a spirit,an eagerness that refreshingly command a warm admiration.An almost palpable and often touching sincerity underins  many of her enthusiasm, because she value good taste.she dislike '' jargon of every kind'' during her conversation with Edward and Elioner.

Margaret:

    

       Margaret is younger sister among three.she has interest in geography and she is always curious to know about the various country and in Atlas.she is not enough mature because she is Just 13 years old. She talk about the man with whom Elioner is attached, so she said that first letter of name is  'F'

Theme :

Inheritance:

     

     This novel start with this line…

          " The family of Dashwood had long been settled in Sussex. Their estate was large, and their residence was at Norland Park…."

      

      Mr. Deshwood who is father of three girls and John Deshwood.He is on the death bed and he told John that after his death he should give some part of property to Mrs. Deshwood but he didn't do that because of Fanny.She does not want to give any things  to Mrs. Deshwood.So,this how we can see the inheritance in this novel and also in the period of Victorian girl have no Right to gain from father's property.

   When this Deshwood family have no house they suffering a lot.But  we can see the reason is the family member. Fanny disapproved of John’s plan to give his sisters 3000 pounds. She asked him to reconsider and said that he was taking money away from their own child. She thought that John owed his half-sisters nothing because they weren’t really his sisters.  If John and his wife will help them they will have also a quite good life ahead but it is not happen because lust of wealth.We can also camper the life of John and his mother and sister's or also assume that if it will happen with him he can work and earn the money but girls can not.So this situation we can find in Sense and sensibility.

Marriage :

  

      As we know that marriage is also the theme of sense and sensibility in the beginning of his novel both a girls are unmarried but eligible young women and novel close when they married and settled during this passing time beginning to end as input lots of suffering problem of life love and marriage Elioner fall love with Edward, who is brother of Mrs. Fenny but she doesn't want that they both get marry.

       However,  marriage is not only about the love in the present novel but in fact it is talk about wealth uniting family and gaining social status and social standing example Mrs.Ferrar  only care about her sons marrying a wealthy and upper class woman but she doesn't care that either her son Edward loves Lucy or not.

      Both are sister Eleanor and Mary want to marry because of love but in marine life will it be cause but he didn't marry with her and he left her and marry with Miss Gray only for money which Marrianne haven't.After this incident Marrianne developed her affections towards Colonel Brandon.He is older than Marrianne but he always help her and he loves Marrianne. At the end of the novel Edward marry with Elioner and Colonel marry with Marrianne.

                   Marriage is important and center in the novel because through the marriage both sisters get love as well as financial security,and the social standing.We can see the Happy Ending with their marriage.so the women are dependence on man.They have no Rights to work and earning even they didn't get anything from father's property. Their life is like, life of subaltern who can not raise Voice.

Expectations and Reality:

     When we talk about the expectations and reality both are quite different because one is just Imagination and other is the real situation. This is fact and which we can see in this novel as well. Always the realist Elinor has little trouble navigating through trials, while Mrs. Dashwood and Marianne allow their passionate expectations to lead their actions. These two romantics constantly are disappointed by their imaginations and encounter a great deal of drama along the way.At this juncture we can also add some basic phenomenon like day today life or with it a society views.

Irony in “Sense and Sensibility”:

      Irony, which makes the difficult situation and changes the saying to one to another like Jane Austen uses irony as a means of moral and social satire. Her sentences, while usually simple and direct, contain within them the basic contradictions which reveal profound insights into character and theme. This is most obvious in her blunt character sketches. John Dashwood "was not an ill-disposed young man, unless to be rather coldhearted, and rather selfish, is to be ill-disposed." Note that in the first half of the sentence, she seems to be viewing his character amiably. Suddenly she changes direction, and the general impression we receive about John is far more bitingly negative than a mere statement of disapproval.

Gender Issues:

          We can see the issue in novel and the gender issue is one of them. Because of the discrimination women have no right speak and any basic Right which man has. There are great divisions between the social roles of men and women within this novel. Both sexes fall into stereotypical roles of the time that students should be familiar with in order to understand interactions within the text. This topic should be addressed through a historical context. In building background knowledge for the students it will be important to teach about the gender roles of the time and compare and contrast them to today’s.Here I want to remark that “Sense and Sensibility” is written as a third person framework which uses the past tense. The form Austen utilizes in the novel is free indirect discourse. In such things the characters can do play a sensible role as it think but what should present is something different thinking Jane Austen is also write as the perspective of men as noted. 

       In the novel Jane Austen gave various chapter so let's  discussing about signifies A woman did not have rights. The novel is divided into three volumes. Volume I, the largest of the three, has 22 chapters and 132 pages, volume II, 14 chapters with 113 pages, and volume III has 14 chapters and 123 pages. The first volume deals mainly with the introductions of a majority of the characters, especially the main ones, and the initial romantic attachments. Volume II details Marianne and Elinor’s trip to London and the disappointment of Marianne’s love. The final Alarie Gifford volume resolves the relationship blunders with neat matches between the kind Brandon and Marianne and Edward and Elinor.

Conclusion :

“The more I know of the world the more am I convinced that I shall never see a man whom I can really love. I require so much!” (page 15)

        

     We can see this novel present time as well. Still women are marry for financial security and a quite good social status. But yes we can also that there is change in time and while time passing women are becoming free and they are not dependent on men. So with comparison of Romantic era and present time we can see the wild change in women Right and their situation. 

Work citation

Austen, Jane, and Kathleen Viola James-Cavan. Sense and Sensibility. New York, Barnes & Noble Classics with new Introduction,2004.

Fredericksen, Erik. "Sense and Sensibility Chapter 1." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC,  3 Mar 2014. Web. 5 Mar 2020.

Long, William j. English Literature. Delhi:AITBS,2015

Assignment Topic: Middlemarch

Name :Mehal J.  Pandya 

Sem :2

Roll no. 13

Enrollment no. 2069108420200029

Subject : Victorian Literature 

Assignment Topic: Middlemarch 

Batch:2019-2020

E-mail Id :mehalpandya252@gmail.com

Submitted to: Department of English 

       

         M. K. Bhavangar University 

Preface:

       Middlemarch is very well known novel. This novel is written by George Eliot.When we talking about the literature and writer.There are some events of life in person which he or she if giving words it will became literature. 

      Middlemarch is also reflect the incident of Eliot's life which she also put in her work. Here our concern with the marriage in the novel.so let's discuss about the novel but before that see some information about our writer George Eliot.  when the purpose is to get a General picture of the manners and custom of certain fossils streatham and we are to be interested in all the complex play of character and opinion of neighbours the method is appropriate to the design the individuals are shown is involved in the network of surrounding interest which affect their development.

Mary Ann Evans 

    Now  here question is that writer name is George Eliot but given name is different. So the reason behind it is George Eliot and Mary Ann Evans are both same person with different names. Mary Ann Evans is the real name of author.In Victorian era  there were lack number of women writer so Mary published her work with her nickname George Eliot. 

Mary Evans born on 22nd November, 1819 at Arbury farm. She is the youngest daughter of her father. She is also called Marian. Mary Ann Evans was country born girl reared in the countryside and among rustic. She took self -education. She loves Henry Lewes because he has interest in literature and also literature in various languages as well. But when he died,Eliot's literary career also at end. It was a heavy blow to her. 

   Here some here work name; 

Mary Anne Evans's transformation into the fiction writer George Eliot began in 1856, when Mary Anne decided to try her hand at writing novels. In 1858, George Eliot's second novel, Adam Bede, became a critical and popular success; soon after, George Eliot's identity as Mary Anne "Lewes"  became known. 

   Adam Bede was followed by two more highly successful novels also set in the English Midlands, The Mill on the Floss (1860) and Silas Marner (1861). Encouraged by her success, Eliot began exploring continental and political themes in her next works: Romola (1863), which was set in Renaissance Italy, and Felix Holt, The Radical (1866),Three years later Eliot published The Spanish Gypsy (1869), a long narrative poem.

Mary Anne began writing Middlemarch in 1869. The novel was serialized through 1871 and 1872, and became a great success, making George Eliot even more famous.

     She passed away in her sleep on December 22, 1880, and was buried next to her lifelong companion, George Lewes.

 Here our aim to discuss the novel Middlemarch so let's discuss characters from the novel and the marriage.

Middlemarch :

"Since I can do no good because a woman, Reach constantly at something that is near it.  

                         —The Maid's Tragedy: Beaumont and Fletcher.

     The novel takes  its name from the town of Middlemarch in the Midlands where the scene of the story  is laid. Says Leslie Stephen "Middlemarch is primarily a portrait of the circles which had been most familiar to her in the youth, and it's second title is 'a study of provincial life'. Starting with every chapter Eliot put some deep thought first then started the chapter what about is. 

    

    It is not a story,but a combination of at least three stories about the couples and one is continuously parnell story of Bulstrode.First story of  Dorothea and Edward Casaubon,second story of Doctor Lydgate and Rosamond Vincy,third story of Fred Vince and Mary Garth.

     

Character of novel:

Dorothea Brooke: -

  

       Dorothea is a kind-hearted and honest woman.she is the beautiful lady. Her  physical beauty and fascinating personality have been stressed in the very beginning of the novel.she marry with Casaubon and after his death she marry with ladislaw.

            

Edward Casaubon :-

        Edward Casaubon owns a large estate called Lowick. He is a scholarly clergyman. His lifelong ambition is to write the Key to all Mythologies, but he is insecure and uncertain about his own abilities. He marries Dorothea because he thinks she is completely submissive and worshipful.Will ladislaw is his cousin brother with whom Dorothea married. 

Arthur Brooke  :- 

       Brooke is Dorothea and Celia's bachelor uncle.

Celia Brook :-

       

        Celia Brook is sister of Dorothea. She is so beautiful and good hearted girl. She marry with sir James Chettam. 

James chettam:-

     He like Dorothea but Dorothea deny to marry him and she decided to marry with Casaubon. He helps Dorothea to help the Farmers.

 Dr. Lydgate :-

         Lydgate is the orphan son of a military man. He chose the medical profession at a young age, much to the chagrin of his wealthy, titled relatives. He comes to Middlemarch hoping to test new methods of treatment. He marries Rosamond Vincy.

Rosamond Vincy :-

     Rosamond Vincy is the daughter of Walter and Lucy Vincy. She grows up accustomed to an expensive lifestyle. She marries Lydgate because she thinks he is rich and she wants a high social status in her life. 

      Lets discuss about the marriage significant .

Theme :

  

    As we know middlemarch story of the land. Land is talk about the all kind of social custom and the life style and also about the culture. Eliot also portrayed the picture of psychological mind  situation of characters in Middlemarch. Here is discussion about the marriage of Dorothea and Casaubon and other one is Lydgate and Rosamond. But the real thing is both marriage became fail. 

Dorothea and casaubon 

       Dorothea is the first major character in the novel whose life is a tragedy  of frustrated idealism.She has been referred to as a modern St. Theresa motivated by an intense desire to good and make some noble achievement.But  Middlemarch society,narrow,stunted and tradition boun, offers little opportunity for the realisation of her lofty ideas and noble aspirations. she seeks to find an outlet for  her ideals by making projects for the rebuilding of the Cottages of the poor tenants on the state of neighbouring Baronet and friend of the family Sir Chettam. But the scope for such philanthropy   is extremely limited and it brings little satisfaction to this letter day Theresa.Thus her lofty aspirations are frustrated by her meanness of opportunity.  

       opportunity is for the limited by the fact that she is a woman it is only through marriage that we can achieve self  fulfillment. This Meanness of opportunity combined with her sports of commonness frustrates her idealism. So she decided to marris with Casaubon not with Sir chettam. 

            but Kaisa bone is not true caller is a Studios cholar Ami pendant and his research are of no use at all for he has been anticipated in the field of comparative my methodology and the work he is doing has already been done by others in marry him she thought that she was marrying Pascal person she is this solution and frustration and in 10 spiritual agony after result.

 This marriage became fail because Dorothea is not appropriate girl for Casaubon. He was older than her as her father but she thought he will give her love and through him she can fulfill he r dreams. But it is not possible. Casaubon was mad for his research and he was not scholar as Dorothea think.He falling ill more and more and because of that he died. Dorothea loves him but he didn't. After his death she lives as his widow.

      dorothea gradually realise her mistake but still remains steadfast and loyal to her husband all of the ideas and aspirations have been shifted but still even after the death of her husband she tries to remain true to his memory and carry on his work away from him only when she find that he has insulated her in his will. Then she turns to Will ladyslow and through marriage with him acchi whatever quantum of happiness is possible in this sorry world of ours.

      

Lydgate -Rosamond story 

      Second  couple of the novel is lydgate and Rosamond.Lydgate  might have surmounted all the obstacles, if he had not married Rosamond Vincy. Lydgate came to know that Rosamond  does not love her but his money and she has no interest In his work at all. 

   Here Rosamond also regret for her decision  to marry with Doctor Lydgate. She thought that he is a doctor so he has money through the marriage  she can gain the high social status and economic security.

  But this marriage also failed in this novel.we can see the reason behind marriage  is self centered. Marriage is about the not only money but love as well or respect, care and companionship.

Fred Vincy – Mary Garth story :-

                   Their childhood loves grows to maturity. Fred becomes a good person marries Mary, inherits his uncle’s previous estate and lives peacefully with his children. He and marry had to suffer a lot but things ended well.

Bulstrode’s Episode :-

                   His way of livelihood, the relation of his shady past and its consequences. He was blackmailed for past deeds.

                    There is also the story of miser Featherstone who made two wills and thus created fuss. These different stands were interwoven into an organic whole. Middle march like other novels has faults. The novel is full of pessimism, gloom and melancholy. There is also a character and incidents are concerned.

Conclusion : 

        Thus both the Dorothea and Edward casaubon and Lydgate -Rosamond stories illustrate the same things which is also universalised by this repetition.gives us a complete, realistic view of English provincial society in 1830’s and this setting is closely integrated with the four or five stories which form the plot of the novel. The result is an artistic harmony which makes “Middle march George Eliot’s greatest work. 

Work citation:

Eliot George, Middlemarch,H.M.Caldwell publisher; London 2007.

Long, William j. English Literature. Delhi:AITBS,2015

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Thinking Activity : Technoculure, speed and slow movement

Hello viewers,

           Welcome to my blog. We all know the word Technology ,speed and slow.but we have some questions about the slow movement. What is it? So This blog is related to cultural studies. As we know that culture is comprehensive all over the world. It is not nature and it change while passing the time,because society gives it shape.This is one activity given by Dr. Barad sir you can also get more information by one click here. 

        In this blog first we discuss about the some view or term given by Baurdrillad,Paul Virilio and   Ulrich Beak. 

   Let's see some terms given by them. 

View given  by Baudrillard 

Simulacra:

    This word is derived from Latin word Simulacrum. This word represent meaning that it is imitation of person or thing. As Plato also said that imitation of imitation. 

Simulation :

      This word represent meaning that it is an appropriate imitation of the operation of a person or system. This word used in many context like,  technology, education, video games, testing and in other as well.

When we see something is imitation so we do not get the truth and reality of that thing. Baudrillard called it hyperreal. 

View given by Paul virilio 

Dromology:

Paul virilio work on Dromology. It means  the science of speed. Dromology is an exciting reading of late twentieth century cyberculture.

View given by Ulrich Beck

Risk society :

  
   Ulrich Beck given the view on Risk society. He also wrote about it in his thesis 'Risk Society '.Beck inform us ,is not, risk are a about 'becoming real. As soon as risk becoming real.


    All of the view given by them above are related with the movement. So when we talk about movement and process we also think about its timing in speed or slow. We all now the Technology is developed so much and it still developing. In this era of technology everything became speedy. So we also think on speed and slow movement. So let's have look on that as well.


Slow Movement :

 Slow movement is related with  balance.

                     Slowness is also about balance, so if you must hurry, then hurry slowly. “Festina Lente!”


   In this technological world we want everything very fast.so we always in hurry to get something and to do something. But we should be speedy as well as slow to take decisions.


          Baurdrillard  talk about the real and truth. We also here remember the great thinker Plato. He also made his view on reality and truth. Baudrillard said about the depth of something in a speed we can not get one's depth it will not be real.

     Virilio argues that higher speed is belongs to the wealthy and upper class society and slower is belongs to lower class and who are poor. He said that this world is governing by the speed. He further said that Instantaneous communication actually reduces the time for detailed discussion, deliberately and consensus -building. So, we can say that be speedy with slowness. So your work process can be taken place in right way. 
      
 Beck said that we got the solution of one thing than other one is ready so there are web.. Problem.. Solution... Problem... Solution.