History of Call

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    Introduction 

Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) is often perceived, somewhat narrowly, as an approach to language teaching and learning in which the computer is used as an aid to the presentation, reinforcement and assessment of material to be learned, usually including a substantial interactive element. Levy (1997:1) defines CALL more succinctly and more broadly as "the search for and study of applications of the computer in language teaching and learning". Levy's definition is in line with the view held by the majority of modern CALL practitioners.

About Call

It is considered  that CALL was first used by Davies  and Steel (1981) in a conference paper, and the term was widespread in the UK a year later, in 1982.

 This same year, Ealing College of Higher Education published  the  CALL-related  newsletter  titled  “CALLBOARD”.  Furthermore, in  1983,  TESOL  started up CALL Special Interest Group  which was a big move in the field. 

    Then even  the exact date of the appearance of CALL term is not completely clear  different terms are appeared in the literature of applications of technology in pedagogy. Computer-Aided Instruction  refers to learning at the computer in which there is no necessity in language education, also, the word ‘instruction’ refers to a teacher-centered approach.  Computer-Assisted Learning    is  similar  to  CAI,  but  the  focus  in  on  learners. 

 Computer-Assisted  Language  Instruction was incorporated into the name of the professional association Computer-Assisted Language Instructed Consortium. In contrast to CAI and CALI, the emphasis of  Computer-Assisted Language Learning  is on learning rather than instruction, therefore, it is reflecting a student-centered approach rather than a teacher-centered  one.  

History of Call

T he USA was the pioneer country in early days of CALL. In 1950s, the prominence of teaching language for military purposes in competent and scientific ways led to the application of huge and high-priced mainframes,  as the first application  of computers  in language learning  being available at universities.  In competition  with USSR in Cold  War  (1945-1991), the first CALL programs  were developed at Stanford University, Dartmouth University and the University of Essex in order to teach Russian as a foreign language . Among the early mainframe-based programs, which were served as tutor and drillmaster, the PLATO (Hart, 1995) and  TICCIT projects (Anderson, 1976; Jones, 1995) were the highest profile ones.

   Computer-Assisted  Language  Teaching    is  another  term  which  in  contrast  to CAL emphasizes the teachers.  Computer-Assisted Teaching is learning any subject at the computer. 

   Computer-Based Training  refers to a program used for teaching of some discrete language learning skills.  

      Computer-Mediated  Instruction is the application of some form of computer software or hardware in instruction in which learning takes place when a learner communicate with a distant tutor.

Mall 

 Full form of Mall is, Mobile-assisted language learning  is language learning that is assisted or enhanced through the use of a handheld mobile device.

     MALL has evolved to support students’ language learning with the increased use of mobile technologies such as mobile phones, MP3 and MP4 players, PDAs and devices such as the iPhone or iPad. With MALL, students are able to access language learning materials and to communicate with their teachers and peers at any time, anywhere.

   Through the mobile phone we can learn the  English or other languages as well. There are so many web tools through which we can teach and learn English language. 

I also used  some  app to  learn it. Some  course help us for that like,Mooc,Coursera and other also. Some  social media and website also help for that. 

Conclusion 

        There so many invention in this world to teach and learn. Through that we can make  education effective and  easy also. So Call and Mall both  are the helping tools we can say.